Seed dispersal is an important process in the life cycle of plants. It is the way by which plants spread their seeds away from the parent plant to increase their chances of survival and colonization. Mango trees, like many other plants, have evolved different strategies for seed dispersal. In the case of mangoes, their seeds are primarily dispersed by animals.

Animals as Seed Dispersers

Animals play a crucial role in the seed dispersal of many plants, including mango trees. The mango fruit, which contains the seed, is fleshy and sweet, making it attractive to a variety of animals. These animals are often drawn to the fruit due to its nutritional content and delicious taste. As they eat the fruit, they unknowingly help the plant disperse its seeds.

Types of Animal Dispersal

There are different ways animals can disperse mango seeds:

1. Endozoochory: Many animals, such as birds, monkeys, bats, and even humans, consume mango fruits and subsequently excrete the seeds in a different location. The seeds pass through the digestive system intact, protected by a tough outer coat, and are deposited along with the animal's waste. This process is known as endozoochory and is an effective way for the seeds to be dispersed over long distances.

2. Epizoochory: In some cases, animals may accidentally carry mango seeds on their fur or feathers. As they move around, these seeds can become dislodged and fall to the ground, helping the mango tree spread its seeds.

Advantages of Animal Dispersal

Animal dispersal offers several advantages to mango trees:

1. Increased Genetic Diversity: By dispersing seeds over a wider area, animals help promote genetic diversity within the mango population. This diversity enhances the chances of survival for the species as it adapts to different environments and encounters various challenges.

2. Protection and Nutrient Supply: The fleshy fruit of the mango acts as a protective covering for the seed. It provides a food source for the animal dispersers, ensuring that the seeds are carried away from the parent tree and have a better chance of germination and growth.

3. Colonization of New Areas: Animal dispersal allows mango trees to colonize new areas, increasing their range and distribution. This ability to spread their seeds helps the species thrive and ensures its long-term survival.

In conclusion, mango seeds are primarily dispersed by animals, who consume the fruit and excrete the seeds elsewhere. This method of seed dispersal benefits the mango tree by promoting genetic diversity, providing protection and nutrients to the seeds, and aiding in the colonization of new areas.