Introduction:
The pastoral groups in Africa, such as the Maasai and the Fulani, faced various challenges and restrictions during the colonial period. One of these challenges was their limited access to markets in white areas, which had significant implications for their economic wellbeing.

Main Body:
1. Permits Requirement:
The pastoral groups did not need permits to enter markets in white areas. Therefore, option 'a' is incorrect. These groups were generally nomadic, moving their herds of livestock across vast territories in search of grazing lands. Their traditional way of life did not involve obtaining permits or adhering to bureaucratic regulations.

2. Perception of Danger:
The main reason pastoral groups were not allowed to enter markets in white areas was due to the perception of danger held by white colonists. Option 'b' is the correct answer. The white colonists viewed the pastoral groups as potentially dangerous or disruptive to their established systems of control. The pastoralists had a reputation for being skilled warriors and had a long history of resistance against colonial rule. This perception fueled fear and mistrust among the white colonists, leading to restrictions on the pastoral groups' access to markets.

3. Expertise in Trade:
Option 'c' is incorrect because the pastoral groups were not necessarily experts in trade. Their livelihood primarily revolved around herding livestock, and their economic activities were centered on the exchange of livestock and animal products, such as milk and hides. While they may have engaged in limited trade with neighboring communities, they did not possess the specialized trading skills and knowledge typically associated with market participation in white areas.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the pastoral groups in Africa were not allowed to enter markets in white areas primarily because they were considered dangerous by white colonists. The perception of their potential threat, rooted in their reputation as skilled warriors and their history of resistance, resulted in restrictions on their economic activities and limited their access to markets.