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Each flip-flop in a 4-bit ripple counter introduces a maximum delay of 40 n sec. The maximum clock frequency is:
  • a)
    2.65 MHz
  • b)
    6.25 MHz
  • c)
    5.26 MHz
  • d)
    6.52 MHz
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Each flip-flop in a 4-bit ripple counter introduces a maximum delay of...
Given information:
- Each flip-flop in a 4-bit ripple counter introduces a maximum delay of 40 nsec.
- We need to find the maximum clock frequency.

To find the maximum clock frequency, we need to consider the worst-case scenario where the delay of each flip-flop is maximum. In a ripple counter, the output of one flip-flop is connected to the clock input of the next flip-flop.

The maximum delay introduced by each flip-flop is 40 nsec. So when the clock signal arrives at the first flip-flop, it takes 40 nsec for the output of the first flip-flop to propagate to the input of the second flip-flop. Similarly, it takes another 40 nsec for the output of the second flip-flop to propagate to the input of the third flip-flop, and so on.

This means that the total delay introduced by the ripple counter is the sum of the delays of all the flip-flops. Since there are 4 flip-flops in a 4-bit ripple counter, the total delay is 4 * 40 nsec = 160 nsec.

Now, the maximum clock frequency is the reciprocal of the total delay. In other words, it is the maximum number of clock cycles that can occur in 1 second. Since the delay is given in nanoseconds, we need to convert it to seconds by dividing it by 10^9.

Thus, the maximum clock frequency is 1 / (160 nsec / 10^9) = 10^9 / 160 = 6.25 MHz.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B': 6.25 MHz.
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Community Answer
Each flip-flop in a 4-bit ripple counter introduces a maximum delay of...
Synchronous counter: In this all the flip-flops work in sync with clock pulse as well as each other. Here clock pulse is applied to every flip flop simultaneously.
Asynchronous counter: In this clock pulse is applied only to the initial flip flop whose value would be considered as LSB. Instead of the clock pulse, the output of the first flip-flop acts as a clock pulse to the next flip-flop, whose output is used as a clock to the next in-line flip-flop and so on.
Ripple Counter:
  • Ripple counter is an asynchronous counter.
  • It got its name because the clock pulse ripples through the circuit.
  • An n−MOD ripple counter contains n number of flip-flops and the circuit can count up to 2 n values before it resets itself to the initial value.
Maximum clock frequency is given by:
 Now,
n = 4
⇒ delay (d) = 40 ns
Hence, the correct option is (B).
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Each flip-flop in a 4-bit ripple counter introduces a maximum delay of 40 n sec. The maximum clock frequency is:a)2.65 MHzb)6.25 MHzc)5.26 MHzd)6.52 MHzCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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