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Consider the following statements:
For a component made of ductile material, the failure criterion will be
- Endurance limit, if the external force is fluctuating
- Fatigue, if the external force is fluctuating
- Yield stress, if the external force is static
Which of the above statements are correct?
- a)1 and 2 only
- b)1 and 3 only
- c)2 and 3 only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Most Upvoted Answer
Consider the following statements:For a component made of ductile mate...
3. Ductile material fails by yielding, if the load is static.
2. Fatigue is failure of material, when subjected to cyclic load.
1. Ability of material to withstand maximum stress, when subjected to cycle loading, is called endurance limit.
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Community Answer
Consider the following statements:For a component made of ductile mate...
The correct answer is option 'A' which states that statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Explanation:
- Ductile material: Ductility is the ability of a material to deform under tensile stress before fracturing. Ductile materials have a large amount of plastic deformation before failure.
1. Endurance limit for fluctuating force: When a component made of a ductile material is subjected to a fluctuating external force, the failure criterion is the endurance limit. The endurance limit, also known as the fatigue limit, is the maximum stress level that a material can withstand for an infinite number of cycles without failure. It represents the fatigue strength of the material.
- Fluctuating force: A fluctuating force is a force that changes in magnitude or direction over time. It can cause cyclic loading on a component, leading to fatigue failure.
2. Fatigue for fluctuating force: Fatigue is the failure of a material under cyclic loading when the stress level is below the material's ultimate tensile strength. When a component made of a ductile material is subjected to a fluctuating external force, fatigue can occur if the stress level is below the endurance limit. Fatigue failure is characterized by the initiation and propagation of cracks, which eventually leads to component failure.
- Static force: A static force is a force that remains constant in magnitude and direction. It does not cause cyclic loading on a component.
3. Yield stress for static force: When a component made of a ductile material is subjected to a static external force, the failure criterion is the yield stress. The yield stress is the stress level at which plastic deformation occurs in the material. If the external force exceeds the yield stress, the material will undergo plastic deformation and may not return to its original shape.
In summary, for a component made of a ductile material:
- The endurance limit is the failure criterion when the external force is fluctuating.
- Fatigue is the failure criterion when the external force is fluctuating.
- The yield stress is the failure criterion when the external force is static.
Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are correct, and the correct answer is option 'A'.
Explanation:
- Ductile material: Ductility is the ability of a material to deform under tensile stress before fracturing. Ductile materials have a large amount of plastic deformation before failure.
1. Endurance limit for fluctuating force: When a component made of a ductile material is subjected to a fluctuating external force, the failure criterion is the endurance limit. The endurance limit, also known as the fatigue limit, is the maximum stress level that a material can withstand for an infinite number of cycles without failure. It represents the fatigue strength of the material.
- Fluctuating force: A fluctuating force is a force that changes in magnitude or direction over time. It can cause cyclic loading on a component, leading to fatigue failure.
2. Fatigue for fluctuating force: Fatigue is the failure of a material under cyclic loading when the stress level is below the material's ultimate tensile strength. When a component made of a ductile material is subjected to a fluctuating external force, fatigue can occur if the stress level is below the endurance limit. Fatigue failure is characterized by the initiation and propagation of cracks, which eventually leads to component failure.
- Static force: A static force is a force that remains constant in magnitude and direction. It does not cause cyclic loading on a component.
3. Yield stress for static force: When a component made of a ductile material is subjected to a static external force, the failure criterion is the yield stress. The yield stress is the stress level at which plastic deformation occurs in the material. If the external force exceeds the yield stress, the material will undergo plastic deformation and may not return to its original shape.
In summary, for a component made of a ductile material:
- The endurance limit is the failure criterion when the external force is fluctuating.
- Fatigue is the failure criterion when the external force is fluctuating.
- The yield stress is the failure criterion when the external force is static.
Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are correct, and the correct answer is option 'A'.
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