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Assertion and Reason:
Assertion A: When a saturated soil mass is subjected to loading, the changes in volume and shear strength are related to the total stress.
Reason R: Total stress is equal to the sum of the effective stress and pore water pressure.
Explanation:
In soil mechanics, stress is the force per unit area acting on a soil mass. It is important to understand the different types of stress that act on a soil mass: total stress, effective stress, and pore water pressure.
Total stress: Total stress is the sum of the effective stress and the pore water pressure. It represents the total force acting on the soil particles, including both the interparticle forces and the forces exerted by the pore water.
Effective stress: Effective stress is the stress that is transmitted through the solid skeleton of the soil. It is the force per unit area that the solid particles exert on each other. It is equal to the total stress minus the pore water pressure.
Pore water pressure: When a soil mass is saturated with water, the water exerts pressure on the soil particles. This pressure is called pore water pressure and it acts in all directions within the soil mass. Pore water pressure depends on the water content and the degree of saturation of the soil.
When a saturated soil mass is subjected to loading, the changes in volume and shear strength are related to the total stress. The total stress determines the effective stress, which in turn affects the behavior of the soil.
Conclusion:
Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and Reason R is the correct explanation of Assertion A. The changes in volume and shear strength of a saturated soil mass are related to the total stress, which is equal to the sum of the effective stress and pore water pressure.
Directions : Select your answer to following question using the codes ...
Total Stress:
Total stress at a layer present at a certain depth below ground level is the total weight of the soil present above that layer per unit surface area of the soil mass. Effective stress is the part of the total stress that is resisted by soil particles by grain-to-grain interaction
Total Stress = Effective Stress + Pore Water Pressure
Effective Stress = Total Stress – Pore Water Pressure
Effective Stress
- Effective stress can be defined as the stress that keeps particles together.
- In soil, it is the combined effect of pore water pressure and total stress that keeps it together.
- It can also be defined in equation form as the total stress minus the pore pressure.
Pore water pressure
- Pore water pressure refers to the pressure of groundwater held within a soil or rock, in gaps between particles.
- Pore water pressures below the phreatic level of the groundwater are measured with piezometers.
- The vertical pore water pressure distribution in aquifers can generally be assumed to be close to hydrostatic
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