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Banking Exams Exam  >  Banking Exams Questions  >  What was introduced in the 103rd Constitution... Start Learning for Free
What was introduced in the 103rd Constitutional Amendment, which was seen in the news recently?
  • a)
    Constitutional status to the National Commission for Women
  • b)
    10 percent quota for Economically weaker sections
  • c)
    Constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes
  • d)
    Goods and Services Tax
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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What was introduced in the 103rd Constitutional Amendment, which was s...
The correct answer is option B, 10 percent quota for Economically weaker sections.

Explanation:
The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 was introduced to provide 10 percent reservation to economically weaker sections (EWS) of the society in government jobs and educational institutions. The amendment added Clause 6 to Article 16 and Clause 6 to Article 19 of the Indian Constitution.

Key points of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act:

• The amendment provides reservation to individuals belonging to the EWS category, who are not covered under any existing scheme of reservation.

• The EWS category includes individuals whose annual income is less than Rs. 8 lakhs, those who own less than 5 acres of agricultural land, those who own a residential plot less than 1000 sq ft, and those who own a residential flat less than 100 sq yards in notified municipalities.

• The reservation provided under this amendment is in addition to the existing reservations for SCs, STs, and OBCs.

• The amendment does not affect the existing reservation for SCs, STs, and OBCs.

• The amendment also provides for the setting up of an expert committee to study the implementation of the reservation and to suggest measures for its effective implementation.

The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 was passed by both houses of Parliament and received Presidential assent on January 12, 2019. The implementation of the 10 percent EWS reservation began in educational institutions and government jobs from February 1, 2019.
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What was introduced in the 103rd Constitutional Amendment, which was s...
The Supreme Court pronounced the judgement on a batch of pleas challenging the validity of the amendment. A five-judge Constitution bench headed by Chief Justice Uday Umesh Lalit upheld the 10 percent quota for EWS in a 3:2 split verdict.
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Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.If the number of demands for implementing reforms is any guide, India's reservation system is clearly in disarray. [A] However, it is unlikely that the recently passed Constitution (124th Amendment) Bill, 2019, creating a 10% quota for the economically weaker sections (EWS), will serve as anything more than a band-aid.Given the deep inequalities prevalent in access to education and jobs based on caste and socio-economic status, affirmative action (or positive discrimination) makes a lot of sense. However, the system that was put in place during the early years of the Republic deserves serious re-evaluation in an era when technology has paved the way for deploying a better equipped arsenal. Here I present an evaluation of the potential implications of the EWS quota Bill, followed by some alternatives.The Bill promises 10% reservation to individuals classified as economically backward. However, while a number of criteria were discussed in the parliamentary debate, the Bill is quite silent on this. Assuming that among the criteria discussed in Parliament, those that are currently applied to the definition of the Other Backward Classes (OBC) creamy layer are the ones to be used, it is not clear how useful they would be. While the OBC creamy layer has been created to exclude people who are clearly well off, the EWS quota, in contrast, is expected to focus on the poor. One of the criteria — the income threshold of ₹8 lakh per annum — has been mentioned. The National Sample Survey (NSS) of 2011-12 shows that the annual per capita expenditure for 99% of households falls under this threshold, even when we take inflation into account. Similarly, as per the India Human Development Survey (IHDS), the annual household incomes of 98% of households are less than ₹8 lakh. Even if we apply all the other criteria for exclusion (e.g. amount of land owned and size of hom e), the Bill would still cover over 95% of the households. So, who are we excluding? Almost no one.While the benefits of the EWS quota are likely to be minimal, the cost may be higher than one anticipates. First, it is important to remember that general category jobs are open to everyone, including Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and OBC individuals. Thus, by removing 10% jobs from the "open" category, it reduces the opportunities for currently reserved groups. Hence, this is by no means a win-win situation. This may be particularly problematic for OBCs since OBC reservation is limited to 27% of the seats whereas the OBC population is at least 40% of the population, possibly more. Thus, this move is almost certain to result in calls for greater OBC reservation, particularly if a constitutional amendment to increase the proportion of reserved seats from 50% to 60% is already being adopted.Second, actual implementation of the EWS quota could be challenging. Few non-SC/ST/OBC individuals have a caste certificate. A large number of SC/ST/OBC households report difficulties in obtaining these certificates. How would an individual practically lay claim to this status?Third, in an era when skill demands are rapidly outpacing supply of candidates in specialised fields, the EWS quota increases the constraints. If a university advertises for an associate professor for quantum physics under the EWS quota and the only suitable candidate happens to be from an OBC category, she could not be hired. [B] These challenges occur for all positions over specifically reserved categories and we have chosen to live with these difficulties in the interest of the greater good of equity. However, there is little benefit to be derived from the EWS quota.Arguably, the greatest cost of this amendment lies in the foregone opportunity to develop an enhanced and more effective reservation policy so that we can genuinely see an end to the entrenched inequalities in Indian society in the medium term. We have gotten so used to business as usual that we make no effort to sharpen our focus and look for more effective solutions, solutions that would make reservations redundant in 50 years.What can be inferred from the statement [A] 'However, it is unlikely that the recently passed Constitution (124th Amendment) Bill, 2019, creating a 10% quota for the economically weaker sections (EWS), will serve as anything more than a band-aid'?

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What was introduced in the 103rd Constitutional Amendment, which was seen in the news recently?a)Constitutional status to the National Commission for Womenb)10 percent quota for Economically weaker sectionsc)Constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classesd)Goods and Services TaxCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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