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An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges of magnitude +- q seperated by 2a. When the dipole is placed in uniform electric field E, to have minimum potential energy, then dipole moment p makes which the following angle with E
- a)180o
- b)90o
- c)60o
- d)0o
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges of magnitude +-q s...
Electric Dipole in Uniform Electric Field
- An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges of magnitude -q separated by a distance 2a.
- The dipole moment p is defined as the product of the magnitude of either charge and the distance between them.
- The dipole moment vector points from the negative charge to the positive charge.
- When an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field E, it experiences a torque which tends to align the dipole moment with the electric field.
- The dipole moment vector makes an angle θ with the electric field vector.
Minimum Potential Energy
- When an electric dipole is placed in an external electric field, it experiences a torque which tends to align the dipole moment with the electric field.
- The potential energy of an electric dipole in an external electric field is given by U = -pEcosθ, where θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field.
- The potential energy is minimum when the dipole moment is aligned with the electric field, i.e., θ = 0o.
Answer
- In the given problem, the electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field E.
- To have minimum potential energy, the dipole moment must be aligned with the electric field, i.e., θ = 0o.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D', i.e., 0o.
- An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges of magnitude -q separated by a distance 2a.
- The dipole moment p is defined as the product of the magnitude of either charge and the distance between them.
- The dipole moment vector points from the negative charge to the positive charge.
- When an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field E, it experiences a torque which tends to align the dipole moment with the electric field.
- The dipole moment vector makes an angle θ with the electric field vector.
Minimum Potential Energy
- When an electric dipole is placed in an external electric field, it experiences a torque which tends to align the dipole moment with the electric field.
- The potential energy of an electric dipole in an external electric field is given by U = -pEcosθ, where θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field.
- The potential energy is minimum when the dipole moment is aligned with the electric field, i.e., θ = 0o.
Answer
- In the given problem, the electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field E.
- To have minimum potential energy, the dipole moment must be aligned with the electric field, i.e., θ = 0o.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D', i.e., 0o.
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An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges of magnitude +-q seperated by 2a. When the dipole is placed in uniform electric field E, to have minimum potential energy, then dipole moment p makes which the following angle with Ea)180ob)90oc)60od)0oCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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