During the British rule in India, there were several factors that led to the slow population growth in the country. These factors can be broadly classified into socio-economic and political factors.

Socio-Economic Factors:

1. Poverty: The poverty prevalent during the British rule in India was one of the significant reasons for the slow population growth. People were not able to afford basic necessities and were unable to provide for their children.

2. Malnutrition: Malnutrition was another factor that led to the slow population growth. People were not getting the required nutrients, which resulted in stunted growth and reduced fertility rates.

3. Illiteracy: Illiteracy was a widespread problem during the British rule in India. As a result, people were not aware of family planning measures, and the concept of small family size was not prevalent.

4. Lack of Healthcare: The healthcare facilities during the British rule in India were not adequate. People did not have access to basic medical care, which led to a high infant mortality rate.

Political Factors:

1. Famines: The British rule in India was characterized by several famines that resulted in the loss of millions of lives. These famines were caused due to political mismanagement and lack of proper agricultural policies.

2. Wars: The wars fought during the British rule in India also led to a significant loss of life. The soldiers who died in these wars were mostly young men who could have contributed to the population growth.

3. Migration: The British rule in India saw a significant migration of people from rural areas to urban centers. This migration was due to the colonial policies that favored urbanization. This migration led to a decline in the fertility rate as people were not able to afford large families in the urban areas.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the slow population growth during the British rule in India was due to several factors such as poverty, malnutrition, illiteracy, lack of healthcare facilities, famines, wars, and migration. These factors had a significant impact on the population growth of the country and continue to affect the population growth even today.