Biosynthetic Phase as a Dark Reaction

Introduction
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy that is stored in the form of organic compounds. The process of photosynthesis involves two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, while the light-independent reactions take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts.

Light-Dependent Reactions
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve the absorption of light energy by pigments such as chlorophyll and the conversion of this energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. These reactions require light and occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.

Light-Independent Reactions
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle, do not require light and occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts. These reactions involve the fixation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds, such as glucose, using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions.

Biosynthetic Phase
The biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis is another name for the light-independent reactions, or the Calvin cycle. This phase is also known as the dark reaction because it does not require light and can occur in the absence of light.

Conclusion
In summary, the biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle, is a light-independent reaction that occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. It is called the biosynthetic phase because it involves the synthesis of organic compounds, such as glucose, from carbon dioxide and other molecules. It is also known as the dark reaction because it does not require light and can occur in the absence of light.

As in biosynthetic phase, like dark reaction NADPH And ATP are used in glucose production by calvin cycle.... This is given in Ncert section 13.7....