Micro-irrigation is sometimes also called as localized irrigation, low volume irrigation, or trickle irrigation. It is a method of irrigation that delivers water directly to the roots of plants in small, frequent doses. This is in contrast to macro-irrigation methods such as surface irrigation or farrow irrigation, which distribute water over a large area.

Definition and Working
Micro-irrigation is a type of irrigation system that uses low-pressure water delivery to irrigate crops. It typically involves the use of small emitters, such as drippers or micro-sprinklers, to deliver water to the base of each plant. The water is applied slowly and evenly, allowing it to be absorbed by the soil and roots more efficiently.

Advantages
1. Water Efficiency: Micro-irrigation is highly efficient in terms of water usage. By delivering water directly to the roots of plants, it minimizes evaporation and runoff, resulting in significant water savings.
2. Improved Plant Health: The controlled and precise application of water with micro-irrigation helps to maintain optimal soil moisture levels, reducing the risk of overwatering or underwatering. This promotes healthier plant growth and minimizes stress on the plants.
3. Nutrient Delivery: Micro-irrigation systems can also be used to deliver fertilizers or other nutrient solutions directly to the plants' root zones. This ensures that the plants receive the necessary nutrients in a targeted and efficient manner.
4. Weed Control: Since micro-irrigation only delivers water to the plants being irrigated, it helps to minimize water availability to weeds. This can help reduce weed growth and the need for herbicides.
5. Flexibility: Micro-irrigation systems can be easily customized to suit different crop types, soil conditions, and land sizes. They can be designed to accommodate irregularly shaped fields or areas with varying water requirements.

Applications
Micro-irrigation is widely used in various agricultural, horticultural, and landscaping applications. It is particularly beneficial for crops that have shallow root systems or require precise water and nutrient management. Some common crops that are irrigated using micro-irrigation include fruits, vegetables, vineyards, and nurseries.

Conclusion
Micro-irrigation, also known as localized irrigation or trickle irrigation, is a water-efficient method of irrigation that delivers water directly to the roots of plants. It offers numerous advantages, such as improved water efficiency, plant health, and nutrient delivery. It is widely used in various agricultural and horticultural applications and is an effective solution for crops with shallow roots or specific water requirements.