Reason for Unburnt Carbon Particles in the Outer Most Zone:




1. Incomplete Combustion:
Incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen available to burn all the fuel completely. In the outermost zone of a flame, the oxygen supply is limited, leading to incomplete combustion of the fuel. This results in the formation of unburnt carbon particles.

2. Insufficient Oxygen:
The outermost zone of a flame, known as the "cool zone," has the least amount of oxygen compared to the inner zones. As a result, the carbon particles are unable to fully oxidize and burn completely, leading to the presence of unburnt carbon particles.

3. Temperature Gradient:
The outermost zone of a flame has lower temperatures compared to the inner zones. This lower temperature hinders the combustion process, causing some carbon particles to remain unburnt.

4. Flame Structure:
The structure of a flame consists of different zones, each with varying levels of oxygen and temperature. The outermost zone acts as a boundary between the flame and the surrounding environment, making it difficult for complete combustion to occur.

5. Presence of Soot:
Soot, which is a byproduct of incomplete combustion, can also contribute to the presence of unburnt carbon particles in the outermost zone. The soot particles can accumulate and hinder the combustion process, leading to the formation of carbon particles.

In conclusion, the presence of unburnt carbon particles in the outermost zone of a flame is primarily due to incomplete combustion, insufficient oxygen supply, lower temperatures, flame structure, and the presence of soot. These factors collectively contribute to the formation of carbon particles in the outermost zone.