Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhi

The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase in India's struggle for independence from British rule. It was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on 1st August 1920 and aimed to unite the masses in a non-violent protest against British oppression. The movement gained immense popularity and played a crucial role in shaping India's freedom struggle.

Reasons for the Non-Cooperation Movement

1. Rowlatt Act: The passage of the Rowlatt Act in 1919, which allowed the British government to arrest and detain Indians without trial, sparked widespread discontent among the Indian population. This act was seen as a violation of civil liberties and fueled the demand for freedom.

2. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: The brutal massacre of peaceful protesters by British troops at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in April 1919 further intensified the anger and resentment against British rule. This incident served as a catalyst for the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement

1. Complete Independence: The foremost objective of the movement was to achieve complete independence from British rule and establish a sovereign nation.

2. Boycott of British Goods: Gandhi emphasized the need to boycott British goods as a means of economic resistance. He encouraged Indians to spin their own cloth (khadi) and boycott foreign textiles.

3. Non-Cooperation with British Institutions: The movement aimed to withdraw cooperation with British educational institutions, law courts, and administrative bodies. Indians were encouraged to resign from government jobs and refuse to pay taxes.

Methods of the Non-Cooperation Movement

1. Hartal: The movement witnessed widespread hartals (strikes) and protests across the country. People voluntarily closed their businesses and rallied together in a show of solidarity.

2. Boycott of British Institutions: Indians stopped attending government schools and colleges, and lawyers refused to practice in British courts. Local alternative institutions were set up to provide education and legal support.

3. Khadi Movement: The promotion of the khadi movement aimed to revive the Indian textile industry and promote self-reliance. People were encouraged to spin their own cloth and wear khadi as a symbol of resistance.

Impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement

1. Mass Participation: The movement witnessed massive participation from people across all sections of society, including peasants, workers, and students. It served to unite Indians in their struggle against British rule.

2. Awareness and Mobilization: The movement played a crucial role in raising awareness about India's freedom struggle and mobilizing the masses towards a common goal.

3. British Repression: The British government responded with severe repression, arresting thousands of protesters and imposing harsh punishments. This led to further resentment and fueled the demand for independence.

4. Change in Political Landscape: The Non-Cooperation Movement marked a significant shift in India's political landscape. It strengthened the Indian National Congress and propelled Gandhi to the forefront of the freedom struggle.

In conclusion, the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi was a pivotal moment in India's fight for