Material handling is higher in case ofa)process layoutb)product layout...
**Explanation:**
In the context of material handling, the layout of a facility plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the material handling process. Each type of layout has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of material handling.
**Process Layout:**
A process layout, also known as a functional layout, arranges the different workstations and equipment based on the process requirements. It is suitable for facilities that produce a wide variety of products or services. In a process layout, similar equipment and operations are grouped together, regardless of the product being produced.
**Product Layout:**
A product layout, also known as a line layout, arranges the workstations and equipment in a linear sequence based on the production flow. It is suitable for facilities that produce large volumes of a single product or a limited variety of products. In a product layout, the material handling is streamlined, with a continuous flow of materials from one workstation to another.
**Group Layout:**
A group layout, also known as a cellular layout, arranges the workstations and equipment in cells or groups based on the product families or process requirements. It is a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of both process and product layouts. In a group layout, material handling is reduced as the workstations are located close to each other within a cell.
**Fixed Position Layout:**
A fixed position layout is used when the product or project remains stationary, and the resources are brought to the product. This layout is commonly used in construction projects or large-scale manufacturing processes where the product is too large or heavy to be moved.
**Material Handling in Process Layout:**
In a process layout, material handling is generally higher compared to other layout types. This is because the workstations and equipment are grouped based on the process requirements rather than the product flow. As a result, materials may need to be transported between different departments or areas within the facility, leading to more complex and frequent material handling activities.
Additionally, in a process layout, the distance between workstations or departments may be greater, requiring longer transportation routes for materials. This increases the time and effort required for material handling, resulting in higher material handling costs and potential bottlenecks in the production process.
On the other hand, layouts like product layout, group layout, and fixed position layout are designed to minimize material handling. In a product layout, for example, the material flow is streamlined, reducing the need for frequent material handling activities. Similarly, in a group layout, the workstations are located close to each other, reducing the distance materials need to be transported.
Therefore, the material handling is higher in a process layout compared to other layout types.
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