Clitellum segments in earthworms refer to the specialized segments of the body that are involved in reproduction. These segments are responsible for the formation of the cocoon during the reproductive process. It is important to understand the number and location of these segments in earthworms.

The correct answer for the number of clitellum segments in earthworms is option 'B' - 14 to 16. Let's understand why this is the correct answer.

- Clitellum: The clitellum is a glandular and swollen region of the earthworm's body that is involved in reproduction. It is located near the anterior end of the worm and extends over several segments.

- Number of segments: The number of clitellum segments varies among different species of earthworms. In most earthworms, the clitellum spans across 14 to 16 segments.

- Identification: The clitellum can be identified by its swollen appearance and a lighter color compared to the rest of the body. It usually has a saddle-like or band-like shape.

- Reproduction: The clitellum plays a crucial role in the reproductive process of earthworms. During mating, the earthworms align their clitella and exchange sperm. After fertilization, the clitellum secretes a mucous cocoon that slides over the anterior end of the worm, picking up eggs and sperm along the way. This cocoon eventually hardens and becomes the protective covering for the developing eggs.

- Species variation: It is important to note that the number of clitellum segments can vary slightly among different species of earthworms. While the range of 14 to 16 segments is common, some species may have fewer or more clitellar segments.

In conclusion, the correct answer for the number of clitellar segments in earthworms is option 'B' - 14 to 16. The clitellum is a specialized region involved in reproduction, and its segments can be identified by their swollen appearance and lighter color.

The Clitellar Segments in Earthworm

The clitellar segments in earthworms are specialized segments located near the anterior end of the body. These segments play a crucial role in reproduction and are responsible for the formation of the cocoon in which the eggs are deposited. Let's delve into the details of the clitellar segments in earthworms.

1. Location
The clitellar segments are found in the anterior region of the earthworm's body, typically around segments 14 to 16. These segments are easily distinguishable from the other body segments due to their swollen appearance and lighter coloration.

2. Structure
The clitellum, which encompasses the clitellar segments, is a thickened glandular region that wraps around the body of the earthworm. It is composed of a series of glandular cells that secrete mucus and proteins necessary for cocoon formation.

3. Function
The main function of the clitellar segments is to produce the cocoon, which serves as a protective covering for the earthworm's eggs. The glandular cells within the clitellum secrete mucus and proteins that form a tough, leathery cocoon. As the earthworm moves forward, the cocoon slides backward and picks up eggs from the oviducts and seminal receptacles.

4. Reproduction
During mating, two earthworms align their ventral surfaces and exchange sperm. The sperm is stored in the seminal receptacles located in segments 9 to 12. When the clitellum becomes fully developed, it secretes mucus and proteins that envelop the eggs and sperm within the cocoon. As the cocoon moves backward, it picks up the eggs and fertilizes them with the stored sperm. The cocoon is then deposited in the soil, where the embryos develop and hatch into young earthworms.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the clitellar segments in earthworms are specialized segments located near the anterior end of the body. They play a crucial role in reproduction by producing the cocoon, which protects the eggs and facilitates fertilization. In terms of numerical range, the clitellar segments are typically found between segments 14 to 16. Therefore, option 'B' (14 - 16) is the correct answer.