Explain how lightning takes place?

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Answer

Clouds are made up of water droplets which rub together and gets charged. The positive droplets being lighter float above the negative droplets of the cloud. Our planet earth and the things in it are positively charged. When the clouds get highly charged and the air which is poor conductor of electricity is no longer able to resist the flow. These negative charges gets attracted by the earth's positive surface producing a bright streak of light followed by sound. This process is called lightening or electric discharge.

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When sulphur oxide and nitrogen dioxide comes in contact sparks occur { I explained it briefly , it is a long defination

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Answer

How Lightning Takes Place

Lightning is a natural atmospheric phenomenon that occurs during thunderstorms. It is a sudden discharge of electricity that happens between clouds or between a cloud and the ground. This spectacular display of electrical energy can be both awe-inspiring and dangerous. Here is a detailed explanation of how lightning takes place:

Formation of Thunderstorms
- Thunderstorms are formed when warm moist air rises rapidly into the atmosphere due to convection.
- As the warm air rises, it cools and condenses into clouds, releasing latent heat, which further fuels the storm's development.
- The updrafts and downdrafts within the storm cause turbulence and create an electrical charge separation.

Charge Separation
- Inside a thunderstorm, ice crystals and water droplets collide and interact, causing the separation of positive and negative charges.
- The top of the thunderstorm cloud becomes positively charged, while the bottom becomes negatively charged.
- This charge separation also occurs between different parts of the same cloud, resulting in a complex network of positive and negative charges.

Development of a Stepped Leader
- When the electrical charge near the cloud base becomes strong enough, it seeks a path of least resistance towards the ground.
- A stepped leader, an invisible channel of charged air, starts to descend from the cloud towards the ground.
- The stepped leader proceeds in a series of steps, each step being around 50 meters long and lasting only a fraction of a second.

Formation of a Return Stroke
- As the stepped leader nears the ground, positively charged streamers are sent upward from the ground.
- When the stepped leader and a positive streamer meet, a completed path is established, allowing a massive discharge of electricity to flow rapidly.
- This discharge is known as the return stroke and is the visible lightning bolt we see.

The Lightning Bolt
- The return stroke heats the surrounding air to around 30,000 degrees Celsius, causing it to expand rapidly.
- This rapid expansion creates a shockwave that we hear as thunder.
- The lightning bolt itself is extremely hot and can be up to five times hotter than the surface of the Sun.

Aftermath
- The discharge of electricity in a lightning bolt can cause damage to structures, trees, and even living beings.
- Thunderstorms and lightning can be dangerous, and it is essential to take safety precautions during such events.

In conclusion, lightning is a natural phenomenon that occurs due to the charge separation within thunderstorms. The formation of a stepped leader and the subsequent return stroke result in the visible lightning bolt accompanied by thunder. Understanding the science behind lightning helps us appreciate its power and take necessary precautions to stay safe during thunderstorms.

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