Non-Probability Sampling

Non-probability sampling is a type of sampling method in which the researcher does not have an equal chance of selecting each member of the population. In non-probability sampling, the selection of participants is based on the researcher's judgment or convenience, rather than random selection. This type of sampling is commonly used in qualitative research or when it is not feasible or practical to use probability sampling methods.

Purposive Sampling

Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental or selective sampling, is a non-probability sampling technique where the researcher selects participants based on their expertise, knowledge, or specific characteristics that are relevant to the research question. In purposive sampling, the researcher deliberately chooses specific individuals or groups who can provide valuable insights or information about the research topic.

Explanation of the Answer

In the given options, the correct answer is option 'B' - Purposive sampling. This is a non-probability sampling method as it involves the researcher's judgment and selection based on specific criteria. Let's briefly explain the other options to understand why they are not non-probability sampling techniques:

- Simple Random Sampling (option 'A'): Simple random sampling is a probability sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. It involves the use of randomization techniques to ensure fairness in the selection process. Therefore, it is not a non-probability sampling method.

- Systematic Sampling (option 'C'): Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method where the researcher selects every nth member from a list or population. It involves a systematic and predetermined process for selecting participants, which makes it a probability sampling method, not a non-probability sampling method.

- Stratified Sampling (option 'D'): Stratified sampling is also a probability sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics, and then random samples are drawn from each stratum. This ensures representation from each subgroup and is a probability sampling method, not a non-probability sampling method.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - Purposive sampling, as it is a non-probability sampling technique based on the researcher's judgment and selection criteria.