In 1922 Daya Ram Sahany,the superintendent of the archaeological department Western circle discovered the remains of this Prehistoric Civilization in Mohenjo -Jo -daro in larkana district of Sind .at the same time rahkal das Banerjee make similar excavations at Harappa in montgomerie district of West Punjab it is estimated that the cities came into being about 4500 years ago or in other words around about 2500 BC and florist for About 8000 years that from 2500 BC 2 1500 BC.

Discovery of Civilization

Civilization refers to an advanced stage of human development characterized by complex social, political, economic, and cultural systems. The discovery of civilizations is a complex and ongoing process that involves the analysis of various archaeological, historical, and anthropological evidence. While there is no specific event or single moment that can be attributed to the discovery of civilization, experts have pieced together the puzzle through extensive research and investigation.

Evidence of Early Civilizations
- Archaeological Excavations: Archaeologists have unearthed ancient cities, buildings, artifacts, and human remains that provide insights into the existence of early civilizations. These excavations have been conducted in various regions around the world, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, China, Mesoamerica, and more.
- Written Records: The discovery of ancient texts, inscriptions, and scripts has played a crucial role in unraveling the existence of civilizations. These written records help researchers understand the socio-political structures, religious beliefs, economic systems, and daily life of ancient civilizations.
- Monumental Architecture: The presence of monumental architecture, such as pyramids, temples, palaces, and city walls, indicates the presence of organized societies capable of complex construction projects. These structures are often found in ancient cities and serve as evidence of advanced civilizations.

Identifying Civilization Characteristics
- Urbanization: The presence of large, densely populated urban centers is a key characteristic of civilizations. These cities serve as hubs for trade, administration, and cultural activities.
- Social Stratification: Civilizations are marked by social hierarchies, with distinct classes or castes. This stratification is often evident through the presence of ruling elites, priests, artisans, and laborers.
- Technological Advancements: Civilizations display advancements in technology, such as writing systems, agricultural techniques, metallurgy, and architectural innovations.
- Complex Political Systems: The presence of organized governments, laws, and administrative structures is a significant characteristic of civilizations. These systems facilitate governance, taxation, and defense.
- Cultural Achievements: Civilizations often leave behind a rich cultural legacy in the form of art, literature, philosophy, and religious practices. These cultural achievements reflect the intellectual and creative capacities of the society.

Conclusion
The discovery of civilizations is an ongoing process that relies on the analysis of archaeological remains, written records, and the identification of key characteristics. By piecing together these various sources of evidence, researchers can gain insights into the existence, development, and characteristics of ancient civilizations. The study of civilizations contributes to our understanding of the past and provides valuable lessons for the present and future.