Introduction:
Copper is a chemical element that is known for its excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance. It is commonly used in various applications such as electrical wiring, plumbing, and heat exchangers. One of the reasons for its widespread use is its inertness towards certain chemicals, including dilute hydrochloric acid. In this response, we will explore the reasons why copper does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Explanation:

1. Protective oxide layer:
Copper forms a thin layer of oxide on its surface when exposed to air. This oxide layer acts as a protective barrier, preventing further oxidation and corrosion of the underlying metal. When copper is placed in dilute hydrochloric acid, this oxide layer remains intact and prevents direct contact between the metal and the acid. As a result, the acid cannot react with the copper.

2. Acid passivation:
Dilute hydrochloric acid is not strong enough to dissolve or corrode the oxide layer on copper. The acid molecules are not able to penetrate the oxide layer and reach the underlying metal surface. Therefore, the acid is unable to initiate a chemical reaction with copper.

3. Lack of oxidizing agent:
Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, but it does not possess strong oxidizing properties. In order for a chemical reaction to occur between a metal and an acid, an oxidizing agent is often required to facilitate the transfer of electrons. In the case of dilute hydrochloric acid, there is a lack of a suitable oxidizing agent to oxidize the copper atoms and allow the reaction to take place.

4. Low reactivity of copper:
Copper is known for its low reactivity compared to other metals. It has a relatively low tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions. This low reactivity makes it less susceptible to corrosion and chemical reactions with acids. Therefore, even in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid, copper remains unreactive due to its inherent properties.

Conclusion:
In summary, copper does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid due to the presence of a protective oxide layer on its surface, the inability of the acid to dissolve this layer, the lack of an oxidizing agent, and the low reactivity of copper itself. These factors contribute to the inertness of copper towards dilute hydrochloric acid, allowing it to be used in various applications where chemical resistance is required.

Because copper below the hydrogen in reactivity series so copper can't displace it from acid so it will not react with dilute hydrochloric acid