Objective of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology:

The main objective of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology is to generate electricity from hydrogen. This technology is a type of fuel cell that uses a solid polymer membrane (proton exchange membrane) as the electrolyte. It operates at relatively low temperatures (typically below 100 degrees Celsius) and can efficiently convert the chemical energy in hydrogen fuel into electrical energy.

Explanation:

1. Introduction to PEM fuel cell technology:
- A Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology is a clean and efficient energy conversion device that operates on the principle of electrochemical reactions.
- It consists of two electrodes (anode and cathode) separated by a proton exchange membrane. The anode is the negative electrode, while the cathode is the positive electrode.
- Hydrogen gas is supplied to the anode, and oxygen or air is supplied to the cathode.
- The hydrogen molecules at the anode are split into protons (H+) and electrons (e-) through a process called electrochemical oxidation.

2. Electrochemical reactions:
- At the anode, hydrogen gas molecules (H2) are split into protons (H+) and electrons (e-) through a process called electrochemical oxidation.
- The protons (H+) pass through the proton exchange membrane, while the electrons (e-) travel through an external circuit, generating electrical current.
- At the cathode, the protons (H+) and electrons (e-) combine with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O) through a process called electrochemical reduction.

3. Electricity generation:
- The main objective of a PEM fuel cell technology is to generate electricity from the electrochemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode.
- The movement of protons (H+) through the proton exchange membrane generates an electric current, which can be utilized to power various electrical devices and systems.
- The conversion of chemical energy in hydrogen fuel to electrical energy is highly efficient, with minimal waste heat production.

4. Advantages of PEM fuel cell technology:
- PEM fuel cells offer several advantages over other types of fuel cells, including high power density, fast startup and response times, and suitability for portable and automotive applications.
- They produce clean electricity with zero emissions of pollutants or greenhouse gases, as the only byproduct of the electrochemical reactions is water.
- PEM fuel cells can be used in various sectors, including transportation, backup power systems, and stationary power generation, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy landscape.

In conclusion, the main objective of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology is to efficiently generate electricity from hydrogen fuel through electrochemical reactions. It offers a clean and efficient alternative to traditional energy sources, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.