A saturated solution is a solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure. In other words, no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent under the current conditions.

When a solute is added to a solvent, the solute particles mix with the solvent particles. At first, the solute particles dissolve easily because there are many empty spaces between the solvent particles. As more solute is added, the empty spaces between the solvent particles start to fill up, making it harder for additional solute particles to dissolve. Eventually, a point is reached where the solvent can no longer dissolve any more solute, resulting in a saturated solution.

The saturation point of a solution depends on various factors such as temperature and pressure. For example, if the temperature of the solvent is increased, the kinetic energy of the solvent particles also increases. This leads to greater movement and collisions between the solvent and solute particles, allowing more solute to dissolve and increasing the saturation point. On the other hand, if the temperature is decreased, the kinetic energy decreases, reducing the movement and collisions between the particles and decreasing the saturation point.

Similarly, the pressure can also affect the saturation point of a solution. In general, increasing the pressure on a solution can increase the solubility of the solute, allowing more solute to dissolve and raising the saturation point. However, this effect is more pronounced for gases rather than solids or liquids.

Overall, a saturated solution is formed when no more solute can be dissolved in a solvent under the given conditions of temperature and pressure. It represents the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in the solvent, and any additional solute added will remain undissolved and settle at the bottom of the container.