Shifting cultivation:
- Shifting cultivation is a type of cultivation where parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation.
- Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains.
- The crop is harvested by October-November.
Commercial cultivation:
- Commercial cultivation refers to the cultivation of crops for commercial purposes, such as selling the produce in the market.
- It involves large-scale farming and the use of modern agricultural techniques and machinery.
Intensive cultivation:
- Intensive cultivation is a type of cultivation where the land is extensively used to maximize the yield of crops.
- It involves the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation to increase productivity.
- Intensive cultivation is often practiced in areas with high population density and limited arable land.
None of the above:
- None of the above options accurately describe the described cultivation method of cutting and burning parts of the forest in rotation and sowing seeds in the ashes after the first monsoon rains.
Therefore, the correct answer is Shifting cultivation.

Shifting Cultivation

Shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, is a traditional method of cultivation practiced mainly in tropical rainforest areas. It involves cutting and burning parts of the forest in rotation to create fields for cultivation. After the first monsoon rains, seeds are sown in the ashes, and the crop is ready for harvest by October-November.

Here is an explanation of why the correct answer is option 'A' - shifting cultivation:

1. Definition:
- Shifting cultivation is a type of subsistence farming where small areas of forest land are cleared and cultivated for a few years until the soil fertility declines.
- The cultivation is then shifted to a new plot of land, and the old plot is left to regenerate naturally.

2. Process:
- The process starts with the selection of a suitable plot of land within the forest.
- The vegetation in the selected area is cut down and allowed to dry.
- Once the dry vegetation is ready, it is set on fire, burning the vegetation and providing ashes that act as a natural fertilizer for the soil.
- After the first monsoon rains, seeds are sown in the ash-enriched soil.
- The crops grow during the monsoon season and are ready for harvest by October-November.

3. Advantages:
- Shifting cultivation allows farmers to make use of the fertile soil found in the forest areas.
- It is a sustainable method as the land is left fallow for a period of time, allowing it to regenerate and regain its fertility.
- It also allows farmers to diversify their crops since different plots of land are cultivated in different years.

4. Disadvantages:
- One of the major disadvantages of shifting cultivation is the potential for deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
- The clearing and burning of forests can lead to habitat destruction and loss of wildlife.
- It is also a labor-intensive practice and may not be suitable for large-scale commercial agriculture.

In conclusion, the correct answer is option 'A' - shifting cultivation. This method involves cutting and burning parts of the forest in rotation, sowing seeds in the ashes, and harvesting the crops by October-November. Shifting cultivation is a traditional form of subsistence farming practiced in tropical rainforest areas.