Main function of endothecium (in anther) is -
The main function of the endothecium in the anther is the dehiscence of pollen grains. The dehiscence is the process by which the anther releases the mature pollen grains for pollination.
- The endothecium is a layer of cells located towards the inner side of the anther wall. It plays a crucial role in the dehiscence process.
- The endothecium undergoes a specialized type of cell division called the secondary parietal division. This division leads to the formation of two layers of cells in the endothecium - the inner layer and the outer layer.
- The inner layer of endothecium undergoes lignification, which means it becomes hardened and gives mechanical strength to the anther. This mechanical strength is important for the anther to withstand the pressure exerted during dehiscence.
- The outer layer of endothecium undergoes degradation and forms a specialized layer called the stomium. The stomium is responsible for the opening of the anther during dehiscence.
- The degradation of the outer layer of endothecium is triggered by the accumulation of a plant hormone called ethylene. Ethylene induces the breakdown of cell walls in the outer layer, allowing the anther to open and release the pollen grains.
- In addition to its role in dehiscence, the endothecium also provides support and nourishment to the developing pollen grains. It transports nutrients and water to the developing pollen grains, ensuring their proper growth and maturation.
Therefore, the main function of the endothecium in the anther is the dehiscence of pollen grains to facilitate pollination.