Fillform apparatus are found in:
- Synergids: The fillform apparatus is located in the synergids, which are specialized cells found in the female reproductive organs of plants.
- Function: The fillform apparatus plays a crucial role in the process of fertilization in plants.
- Structure: The fillform apparatus consists of three main components:
- Two secondary nuclei: These nuclei are located at the center of the synergids and are responsible for the fusion with the male gametes during fertilization.
- Two polar nuclei: These nuclei are located at the sides of the synergids and are involved in the formation of the endosperm, a nutrient-rich tissue that nourishes the developing embryo.
- One egg cell nucleus: The egg cell nucleus is also located within the synergids and is the female gamete that fuses with the male gamete during fertilization.
- Process: During fertilization, the pollen tube delivers the male gametes to the synergids. The fillform apparatus guides the pollen tube towards the synergid and facilitates the fusion of the secondary nuclei with the male gametes. This fusion results in the formation of a diploid zygote, which develops into an embryo.
- Importance: The fillform apparatus is essential for successful fertilization and the development of viable seeds in plants.
- Examples: The fillform apparatus is found in various plant species, including angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (conifers and cycads).
Overall, the fillform apparatus is a crucial reproductive structure found in the synergids of plants. It plays a vital role in guiding the pollen tube and facilitating fertilization, leading to the formation of embryos and the development of seeds.