Early farmers and herders left traces for archaeologists to discover primarily through pottery, tools, and pit houses. These archaeological artifacts provide valuable insights into the way of life, technology, and culture of ancient communities.

Pottery:
One of the most significant traces left by early farmers and herders is pottery. The development of pottery marked a major advancement in human civilization. Pottery vessels were used for various purposes such as food storage, cooking, and serving. These vessels were often decorated with intricate designs, and the styles and techniques used in their production can reveal important information about the people who made them. Archaeologists can analyze pottery fragments to determine the time period, cultural practices, and trade networks of the ancient communities.

Tools:
Tools made of stone, bone, or metal were essential for early farmers and herders. They used various tools for farming, hunting, fishing, and crafting. These tools were often made with specific shapes and materials suited to their intended purposes. Archaeologists can examine these tools to understand the technology and skills of ancient communities. For example, the discovery of specialized farming tools can indicate the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled agriculture.

Pit Houses:
Pit houses were another common feature of early farming and herding communities. These were semi-subterranean structures dug into the ground with timber frames and covered with thatched roofs. The remains of pit houses provide important clues about the settlement patterns, architecture, and domestic life of ancient communities. Archaeologists can study the size, layout, and construction techniques of these houses to understand how people lived and organized their communities.

Other Traces:
While pottery, tools, and pit houses are the primary traces left by early farmers and herders, there are other archaeological remains that can also be informative. These include animal bones, plant remains (such as seeds or charred grains), and even human burials. By studying these remains, archaeologists can reconstruct the diet, domestication of animals, agricultural practices, and social organization of ancient communities.

In conclusion, early farmers and herders left traces for archaeologists to discover primarily through pottery, tools, and pit houses. These artifacts provide important insights into their way of life, technology, and cultural practices. Additionally, the analysis of animal bones, plant remains, and human burials further enhances our understanding of ancient communities.