Crops First Grown by Men and Women

Introduction:
The cultivation of crops has been a fundamental activity for human survival and development. It is believed that the first crops were cultivated by early humans during the Neolithic period, also known as the New Stone Age. Let us explore the crops that were first grown by men and women.

Explanation:
The correct answer is option 'C' - Wheat and Barley. These two crops were among the first cultivated by early humans for various reasons.

Wheat:
Wheat is one of the world's most important staple crops and has been cultivated for thousands of years. The cultivation of wheat began around 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, a region that includes present-day Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, and Palestine. Wheat was highly valued for its nutritional content and ability to grow in diverse climates.

Barley:
Barley is another crop that was cultivated by early humans. It is one of the oldest known domesticated grains and was first grown in the same region as wheat. Barley was a versatile crop that could be used for food, animal feed, and the production of beer. Its ability to withstand harsh climates and poor soil conditions made it a valuable crop for early farmers.

Reasons for Cultivation:
1. Food Security: Cultivating crops like wheat and barley provided a stable food source for early human communities. They could rely on these crops for sustenance, reducing their dependence on hunting and gathering.
2. Surplus Production: With the cultivation of crops, early humans were able to produce more food than they needed for immediate consumption. This surplus allowed for the development of trade and the growth of civilizations.
3. Sedentary Lifestyle: Cultivating crops required a settled lifestyle as the crops needed constant care and attention. This led to the establishment of permanent settlements and the development of agriculture-based societies.

Conclusion:
Wheat and barley were the crops that were first grown by men and women during the Neolithic period. These crops played a vital role in human development, providing a stable food source, surplus production, and the foundation for settled communities. Today, wheat and barley continue to be important crops worldwide, contributing significantly to global food security.