Because in China before contesting elections a candidate needs the approval of the Chinese communist party. only those who are members of the Chinese communist party or eight smaller parties allied to it were allowed to contest elections held the government always formed by communist party.

Because there was only one party . people didn't have any choice . they never form any other party

Introduction:

The election conduct in China can be characterized as neither free nor fair due to several key factors that limit the democratic process and restrict the rights and freedoms of the citizens. These factors include the absence of political pluralism, limited participation, lack of transparency, and extensive state control.

Absence of Political Pluralism:

China's political system is dominated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) which holds a monopoly on power. As a result, there is no genuine political competition or alternative parties allowed to challenge the CCP's rule. This absence of political pluralism undermines the principles of a free and fair election where citizens have the right to choose from a range of political options.

Limited Participation:

The Chinese government tightly controls the electoral process, limiting the participation of certain individuals or groups who are deemed as potential threats to the ruling party. Independent candidates who are critical of the CCP are often disqualified from running, and their supporters face harassment and intimidation. This selective participation undermines the inclusiveness and fairness of the elections.

Lack of Transparency:

The electoral process in China lacks transparency, as important decisions and procedures are conducted behind closed doors, without public scrutiny or accountability. The selection of candidates, the determination of electoral districts, and the counting of votes are all subject to manipulation and control by the ruling party. The lack of transparency undermines public trust in the electoral system and makes it difficult to ensure a fair outcome.

Extensive State Control:

The Chinese government exercises extensive control over the media, suppressing any dissenting voices or critical reporting. This control limits the ability of opposition candidates to campaign freely and stifles the dissemination of alternative viewpoints. State-controlled media heavily promotes the CCP's agenda, creating an uneven playing field and hindering the ability of citizens to make informed choices.

Conclusion:

The election conduct in China is far from being free and fair due to the absence of political pluralism, limited participation, lack of transparency, and extensive state control. These factors undermine the fundamental principles of democracy and impede the citizens' ability to exercise their right to choose their representatives. The Chinese government's tight grip on power and suppression of dissenting voices greatly restrict the democratic process, making it impossible to consider the elections in China as free and fair.