What is difference between parthenocarpy and parthenogenesis?

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Parthenocarpy  is the production of fruits from unfertilized ovules in plants. The fruits produced by parthenocarpy do not contain seeds. For example, seedless watermelon and oranges.Parthenogenesis  is a type of reproduction in which the ovum develops into an individual without fertilization. This type of reproduction is normally seen in insects and some lizards.The main difference lies between parthenocarpy and parthenogenesis is the former one happens in plants and the later one in animals......

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Main difference is that parthenocarpy Occur in plant whereas parthenogenesis occur in animal

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Parthenocarpy is the production of fruits without fertilisation. it is seedless fruits.for eg: BananaParthenogenesis is the phenomenon in which female gamete produce new organism without fertilisation.for eg: honeybees nd turkey (bird)👍👍👍👍😊😊😊😊😊

Answer

Parthenocarpy and Parthenogenesis

Parthenocarpy:
Parthenocarpy is a phenomenon in plants where fruits develop without fertilization. It is the process of fruit formation without the occurrence of pollination or the development of seeds. This can occur naturally or be induced artificially.

Causes of Parthenocarpy:
- Hormonal Imbalance: In some cases, an imbalance in plant hormones such as auxins and gibberellins can trigger parthenocarpy, causing fruit development without fertilization.
- Genetic Factors: Certain plant species possess genetic traits that allow them to produce fruits without pollination. These plants have mutations that enable them to bypass the need for fertilization.
- Environmental Factors: Parthenocarpy can also be induced by environmental factors such as temperature, light, or chemicals. For example, applying hormones like auxins or gibberellins externally can induce fruit development without fertilization.

Advantages of Parthenocarpy:
- Seedless Fruits: Parthenocarpic fruits are often seedless, which can be desirable for consumers who prefer seedless varieties for convenience or culinary purposes.
- Increased Crop Yield: Parthenocarpy can increase crop yield as it allows the production of fruit without the need for pollination. This can be particularly advantageous in areas with limited pollinators or where pollination is unreliable.
- Early Fruit Development: Parthenocarpy can result in earlier fruit development compared to plants that require pollination. This can be beneficial for growers who want to harvest and sell fruits earlier in the season.

Parthenogenesis:
Parthenogenesis, on the other hand, refers to a form of reproduction where an egg develops into an embryo without fertilization by a sperm. This process occurs in certain organisms, such as some invertebrates, reptiles, and amphibians.

Mechanisms of Parthenogenesis:
- Apomixis: In apomixis, an unfertilized egg develops into an embryo, which then grows into a new individual. This process allows for the production of offspring without the need for a male gamete.
- Automixis: In automixis, an egg undergoes meiosis, but one or more of the resulting cells fuse to form a diploid cell. This diploid cell then develops into an embryo without fertilization.

Advantages of Parthenogenesis:
- Reproduction Without Males: Parthenogenesis allows female organisms to reproduce without the need for males. This can be advantageous in situations where males are scarce or absent.
- Rapid Reproduction: Parthenogenesis can lead to rapid population growth as females can produce offspring without the time and energy required for mating.
- Genetic Diversity: Although parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction, it can still contribute to genetic diversity through mechanisms such as genetic recombination and mutation. This allows for adaptation to changing environments.

In conclusion, parthenocarpy and parthenogenesis are both fascinating biological processes that enable reproduction without fertilization. Parthenocarpy is specific to plants and involves the development of fruit without pollination, while parthenogenesis occurs in certain organisms and allows for the production of offspring without the involvement of a male gamete. Both processes have their advantages and contribute to the diversity and survival of various species.

Answer

Parthenogenesis = It is phenomenon in which the    unfertilized ovum develop into a seed/individual.          It may result in haploid  individual , e.g., drones of honey bee                                                                                 Parthenocarpy= It is phenomenon of formation of a fruit without fertilisation.                                                        Usually seeds are produced and hence no new  individual is formed. It give rise to seedless fruits,e.g., pineapple, banana.

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