Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction in which an organism divides into two equal parts, each of which becomes a new individual. Among the given options, the organism that reproduces by binary fission is the Amoeba.
Explanation:
Amoeba:
- Amoebas are single-celled organisms that belong to the phylum Protozoa.
- They reproduce asexually by binary fission, a process in which the nucleus divides into two, followed by the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in the formation of two identical daughter cells.
- Each daughter cell then grows and develops into an independent Amoeba.
Hydra:
- Hydras are multicellular organisms belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
- They reproduce asexually by a process called budding, where a small outgrowth or bud develops on the parent organism and eventually detaches to form a new individual.
Yeast:
- Yeasts are single-celled fungi that reproduce both sexually and asexually.
- They primarily reproduce by budding, where a small outgrowth or bud develops on the parent cell, which then grows and detaches to form a new individual.
Sea anemone:
- Sea anemones are multicellular organisms belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
- They reproduce both sexually and asexually.
- Asexual reproduction in sea anemones can occur through a process called pedal laceration, where a part of the foot of the anemone breaks off and develops into a new individual.
Therefore, the organism that reproduces by binary fission among the given options is the Amoeba.