Consider two identical boxes B_{1} and B_{2} wherethe box B(i = 1, 2) ...
Problem Statement:Consider two identical boxes B₁ and B₂ where the box B(i = 1, 2) contains i² red and 5 - i - 1 white balls. A fair die is cast. Let the number of dots shown on the top face of the die be N. If N is even or 5, then two balls are drawn with replacement from the box B₁, otherwise, two balls are drawn with replacement from the box B₂. The probability that the two drawn balls are of different colors is to be determined.
Analysis:
We are given two identical boxes, B₁ and B₂, which contain different numbers of red and white balls. The number of balls in each box depends on the box number. We are also given a fair die which determines from which box the balls are drawn based on the number of dots shown on the top face.
Let's analyze the problem step by step:
Step 1: Determine the number of red and white balls in each box:
- Box B₁ contains 1² = 1 red ball and 5 - 1 - 1 = 3 white balls.
- Box B₂ contains 2² = 4 red balls and 5 - 2 - 1 = 2 white balls.
Step 2: Determine the probabilities of drawing from each box based on the number of dots on the die:
- If N is even or 5, then two balls are drawn with replacement from box B₁.
- Otherwise, two balls are drawn with replacement from box B₂.
Step 3: Calculate the probability of drawing two balls of different colors:
- If two balls are drawn from box B₁, the probability of drawing a red ball and then a white ball (or vice versa) is given by:
P(different colors | B₁) = P(red, white | B₁) + P(white, red | B₁)
P(different colors | B₁) = (P(red | B₁) * P(white | B₁)) + (P(white | B₁) * P(red | B₁))
P(different colors | B₁) = (1/4 * 3/4) + (3/4 * 1/4)
P(different colors | B₁) = 3/8
- If two balls are drawn from box B₂, the probability of drawing a red ball and then a white ball (or vice versa) is given by:
P(different colors | B₂) = P(red, white | B₂) + P(white, red | B₂)
P(different colors | B₂) = (P(red | B₂) * P(white | B₂)) + (P(white | B₂) * P(red | B₂))
P(different colors | B₂) = (4/6 * 2/6) + (2/6 * 4/6)
P(different colors | B₂) = 4/9
Step 4: Calculate the overall probability of drawing two balls of different colors:
- The probability of drawing from box B₁ is given by:
P(B₁) = P(N is even or 5) = 3/6 =