The correct answer is option 'C': Resilience.


Resilience is defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to its initial state after disturbance. It refers to the ability of an ecosystem to absorb and recover from disturbances or changes and return to its original state or functioning.


Disturbance refers to any event or process that disrupts the normal functioning of an ecosystem. Examples of disturbances include natural events like wildfires, storms, or floods, as well as human activities such as logging, pollution, or urbanization.


Resilience is an important concept in ecology as it helps us understand the stability and sustainability of ecosystems. Ecosystems that are more resilient are better able to withstand and recover from disturbances, while those with low resilience may undergo significant changes or even collapse.


Several factors influence the resilience of an ecosystem. These include:
- Biodiversity: Ecosystems with higher biodiversity tend to be more resilient as different species may have different responses to disturbances, ensuring the overall stability of the ecosystem.
- Connectivity: The degree of connectivity between different parts of an ecosystem can affect its resilience. Well-connected ecosystems allow for the movement of organisms and resources, facilitating recovery after disturbances.
- Disturbance frequency and intensity: The frequency and intensity of disturbances can impact the resilience of an ecosystem. Frequent or intense disturbances may exceed the ecosystem's capacity to recover, leading to long-term changes.
- Environmental conditions: The abiotic factors such as temperature, rainfall, and nutrient availability can also influence the resilience of an ecosystem. Ecosystems that are already stressed by unfavorable environmental conditions may have lower resilience.


Understanding and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems is crucial for their conservation and sustainable management. Resilient ecosystems are better able to provide essential services such as clean water, air purification, and habitat for biodiversity. Additionally, resilient ecosystems can also help mitigate the impacts of climate change by absorbing and storing carbon dioxide.


Resilience is the speed with which an ecosystem returns to its initial state after disturbance. It is an important concept in ecology that helps us understand the stability and sustainability of ecosystems. Factors such as biodiversity, connectivity, disturbance frequency and intensity, and environmental conditions can influence the resilience of an ecosystem. Enhancing resilience is essential for the conservation and sustainable management of ecosystems.