Factors that changed the landscape of India most in the last century:
1. Movement of people from rural to urban areas:
- Rapid urbanization has led to the growth of cities and towns, resulting in significant changes in the landscape of India.
- The migration of people from rural to urban areas has led to the expansion of cities, the development of infrastructure, and the transformation of agricultural land into residential and commercial areas.
2. Industrialization:
- The process of industrialization has brought about significant changes in the landscape of India.
- The establishment of industries and factories has led to the development of industrial areas and the growth of urban centers.
- Industrial activities have also resulted in pollution, deforestation, and the depletion of natural resources, altering the landscape in various ways.
3. Irrigation:
- The implementation of irrigation projects has played a crucial role in changing the landscape of India.
- Irrigation has facilitated agricultural practices, leading to increased productivity and the cultivation of crops in previously arid and dry regions.
- It has resulted in the transformation of barren land into fertile agricultural land and the development of irrigation canals and reservoirs.
4. Deforestation:
- Deforestation has had a significant impact on the landscape of India.
- The clearing of forests for agriculture, infrastructure development, and industrial activities has led to the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystems.
- Deforestation has also contributed to soil erosion, climate change, and the loss of natural habitats.
In conclusion, while all the mentioned factors have influenced the landscape of India in the last century, the movement of people from rural to urban areas has had the most significant impact. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and the associated infrastructure development have led to substantial changes in the landscape. Additionally, the implementation of irrigation projects and deforestation have also played significant roles in altering the Indian landscape.

Urbanization
- The movement of people from rural to urban areas has significantly changed the landscape of India in the last century.
- Rapid urbanization has led to the expansion of cities, the development of infrastructure, and the creation of new urban spaces.

Population Growth
- The increase in population has put pressure on resources and land, leading to the conversion of rural areas into urban spaces.
- This has resulted in the transformation of the countryside into urban landscapes, with high-rise buildings, roads, and industrial zones.

Infrastructure Development
- Urbanization has brought about the construction of roads, highways, bridges, and other infrastructure projects to support the growing urban population.
- This has altered the natural landscape and ecosystem of India, leading to the loss of green spaces and agricultural land.

Social Changes
- The movement of people from rural to urban areas has brought about social changes, with a shift in lifestyle, culture, and economic activities.
- This has impacted traditional ways of life, agricultural practices, and community structures in rural areas.
Overall, the movement of people from rural to urban areas has been one of the most significant factors that have changed the landscape of India in the last century.