Underground Railways in India

Introduction:
Underground railways, also known as metro systems, are an efficient mode of transportation that helps ease traffic congestion in major cities. In India, several cities have recognized the need for underground railways to improve transportation facilities for their residents. Among the cities mentioned in the options, the correct answer is option 'B' - Calcutta (now known as Kolkata).

Explanation:
Calcutta, the capital city of West Bengal, has been a pioneer in India's underground railway development. The Kolkata Metro, which began its operations in 1984, was the first underground railway system in the country. It is an essential part of the city's transportation network and serves as a lifeline for millions of commuters.

Significance of Kolkata Metro:
The Kolkata Metro has brought about numerous benefits for the city and its residents. Here are some key points:

1. Easing Traffic Congestion: Kolkata is a densely populated city with heavy traffic congestion. The underground railway system has significantly reduced the reliance on road transport, alleviating traffic congestion and making commuting faster and more convenient.

2. Improved Connectivity: The Kolkata Metro connects different parts of the city, making it easier for people to travel long distances quickly. It has multiple lines covering various areas, ensuring better connectivity for residents.

3. Reduced Travel Time: The metro system offers a faster mode of transportation compared to traditional surface transport. It helps commuters reach their destinations swiftly, saving valuable time.

4. Environmentally Friendly: Metro systems are considered eco-friendly as they reduce the carbon footprint by minimizing the number of vehicles on the road. This contributes to improving air quality and mitigating pollution levels.

5. Development of Infrastructure: The construction of underground railways often leads to the development of infrastructure around metro stations. This includes the establishment of commercial complexes, residential areas, and other facilities, boosting the overall development of the city.

Conclusion:
The development of underground railways in India, particularly in Kolkata, has been a significant step towards improving urban transportation. The Kolkata Metro has set an example for other cities in India to follow, and several other cities have since initiated their own underground railway projects. These projects aim to provide efficient, reliable, and comfortable transportation options to residents while reducing traffic congestion and promoting sustainable development.