The cytoplasm and the nucleus together make up the protoplasm. The protoplasm refers to the living content of a cell, which includes everything inside the cell membrane except for the cell wall in plant cells. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Cytoplasm:
- The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance present inside the cell membrane.
- It fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
- It is composed of water, salts, organic molecules, and various organelles.
- Many cellular processes, such as metabolism and protein synthesis, occur in the cytoplasm.
- It also provides support and structure to the cell.
2. Nucleus:
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
- It is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material, DNA.
- The DNA in the nucleus carries the instructions for the cell's functioning and determines its characteristics.
- It is surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains a nucleolus.
- The nucleus regulates gene expression and plays a crucial role in cell division.
3. Protoplasm:
- Protoplasm refers to the living content of a cell, including the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
- It encompasses all the cellular structures and substances necessary for the cell's survival and functioning.
- The protoplasm is responsible for various cellular activities, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Therefore, option B: protoplasm is the correct answer as it represents the combination of the cytoplasm and the nucleus in a cell.