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Toluene reacts with halogen in presence of iron(III) chloride giving ortho and para halo compounds, the reaction is?
  • a)
    Nucleophilic substitution reaction
  • b)
    Free radical addition reaction
  • c)
    Electrophilic elimination reaction
  • d)
    Electrophilic substitution reaction
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Toluene reacts with halogen in presence of iron(III) chloride giving o...
Toluene reacts with halogen in presence of iron(III) chloride giving ortho and para halo compounds, the reaction is electrophilic substitution reaction.

The H atom or aromatic nucleus is replaced with Cl atom. The electrophile in this reaction is Cl+ ion obtained by the reaction of Cl2 with AlCl3.
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Toluene reacts with halogen in presence of iron(III) chloride giving o...
Reaction of Toluene with Halogen in presence of Iron(III) Chloride

The reaction of toluene with halogen in the presence of iron(III) chloride is an example of electrophilic substitution reaction.

Electrophilic Substitution Reaction
- Electrophilic substitution is a type of reaction in which an electrophile (an electron-deficient species) replaces a functional group or an atom in a molecule.
- In this type of reaction, an electrophile attacks a nucleophilic site in the reactant molecule, leading to the substitution of an atom or a group.
- Electrophilic substitution reactions are commonly observed in aromatic compounds, where the aromatic ring acts as a nucleophile.

Reaction of Toluene with Halogen
- Toluene is an aromatic compound with a benzene ring substituted with a methyl group (-CH3).
- When toluene reacts with a halogen (such as chlorine or bromine), the halogen replaces one of the hydrogen atoms in the aromatic ring.
- The reaction requires the presence of a catalyst, such as iron(III) chloride (FeCl3), which helps in the formation of the electrophile.

Formation of Electrophile
- In the presence of iron(III) chloride, the halogen molecule (X2) undergoes homolytic cleavage to form two halogen radicals (X·).
- The iron(III) chloride then interacts with one of the halogen radicals, abstracting an electron and forming an iron halide complex (FeX4·).
- This complex acts as an electrophile in the reaction.

Attack of Electrophile on Toluene
- The electrophile (FeX4·) generated in the previous step attacks the aromatic ring of toluene.
- The attack occurs at the ortho and para positions of the ring, leading to the formation of ortho-halotoluene and para-halotoluene.
- The attack involves the formation of a sigma complex, followed by the elimination of the iron halide complex and regeneration of the aromatic system.

Overall Reaction
The overall reaction can be represented as follows:
Toluene + Halogen + Iron(III) chloride → Ortho-halotoluene + Para-halotoluene + Iron halide complex
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Can you explain the answer of this question below:On the basis of aromaticity, there are three types of compounds i.e. aromatic, non-aromatic and antiaromatic.The increasing order of stability of these compounds are is under:Anti-aromatic compound non-aromatic compound aromatic compounds. Compounds to be aromaticfollow the following conditions (according to valence bond theory)(i) The compounds must be be cyclic in structure having (4n + 2) e, where n = Hckels number = 0, 1,2, 3 et.c(ii) The each atoms of the cyclic structure must have unhybridised p-orbital i.e. the atoms of thecompounds have unhybridised p-orbital i.e. usually have sp2 hybrid or planar.(iii) There must be a ring current of electrons in the ring or cyclic structure i.e. cyclic structure mustundergo resonance .Compounds to be anti-aromatic, it must have 4ne where n = 1, 2 and it must be planar and undergoresonance. Non-aromatic compounds the name itself spells that compounds must be non-planarirrespective of number of electrons. Either it has 4ne or (4n + 2) electrons it does not matter.The rate of reaction of any aromatic compounds depends upon the following factors:(i) Electron density(ii) stability of carbocation producedHigher the amount of electron density of the ring, higher will be its rate towards aromatic electrophilicsubstitution and vice-versa. Similarly, higher will be the stability of the produced carbocation after theattack of electrophile, higher will be its rate towards aromatic electrophilic substitution. There is a greateffect of kinetic labelling on the rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution. As we known that higher theatomic weight or, molecualr weight, higher will be the van der Waals force of attraction or, bond energy.Since there will be effect of kienetic labelling if the 2nd step of the reaction will be the slow step, (r.d.s.)otherwise there will be no effect of kinetic labelling.Q. Which of the following is correct order of the rate of reaction of C6H6, C6D6 and C6T6 towardsnitrations?A:C6H6 C6D6 C6T6B:C6H6 = C6D6 = C6T6C:C6H6 C6D6 = C6T6D:C6T6 C6D6 C6H6The answer is b.

On the basis of aromaticity, there are three types of compounds i.e. aromatic, non-aromatic and antiaromatic. The increasing order of stability of these compounds are is under: Anti-aromatic compound < non-aromatic compound < aromatic compounds. Compounds to be aromaticfollow the following conditions (according to valence bond theory)(i) The compounds must be be cyclic in structure having (4n + 2)π e–, where n = Hückel’s number = 0, 1, 2, 3 et.c(ii) The each atoms of the cyclic structure must have unhybridised p-orbital i.e. the atoms of the compounds have unhybridised p-orbital i.e. usually have sp2 hybrid or planar.(iii) There must be a ring current of π electrons in the ring or cyclic structure i.e. cyclic structure mustundergo resonance .Compounds to be anti-aromatic, it must have 4nπe– where n = 1, 2… and it must be planar and undergo resonance. Non-aromatic compounds the name itself spells that compounds must be non-planarirrespective of number of π electrons. Either it has 4nπe– or (4n + 2) π electrons it does not matter.The rate of reaction of any aromatic compounds depends upon the following factors:(i) Electron density(ii) stability of carbocation producedHigher the amount of electron density of the ring, higher will be its rate towards aromatic electrophilic substitution and vice-versa. Similarly, higher will be the stability of the produced carbocation after the attack of electrophile, higher will be its rate towards aromatic electrophilic substitution. There is a great effect of kinetic labelling on the rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution. As we known that higher the atomic weight or, molecualr weight, higher will be the van der Waal’s force of attraction or, bond energy. Since there will be effect of kienetic labelling if the 2nd step of the reaction will be the slow step, (r.d.s.) otherwise there will be no effect of kinetic labelling.Q. Which of the following is correct order of the rate of reaction of C6H6, C6D6 and C6T6 towardssulphonation?

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Toluene reacts with halogen in presence of iron(III) chloride giving ortho and para halo compounds, the reaction is?a)Nucleophilic substitution reactionb)Free radical addition reactionc)Electrophilic elimination reactiond)Electrophilic substitution reactionCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Toluene reacts with halogen in presence of iron(III) chloride giving ortho and para halo compounds, the reaction is?a)Nucleophilic substitution reactionb)Free radical addition reactionc)Electrophilic elimination reactiond)Electrophilic substitution reactionCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for JEE 2024 is part of JEE preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the JEE exam syllabus. Information about Toluene reacts with halogen in presence of iron(III) chloride giving ortho and para halo compounds, the reaction is?a)Nucleophilic substitution reactionb)Free radical addition reactionc)Electrophilic elimination reactiond)Electrophilic substitution reactionCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for JEE 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Toluene reacts with halogen in presence of iron(III) chloride giving ortho and para halo compounds, the reaction is?a)Nucleophilic substitution reactionb)Free radical addition reactionc)Electrophilic elimination reactiond)Electrophilic substitution reactionCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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