The primary focus of COP28 is the implementation of the Paris Agreement.

The Paris Agreement, which was adopted by the 196 Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2015, aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It also aims to enhance the ability of countries to adapt to the impacts of climate change and to make finance flows consistent with a low-carbon and climate-resilient development pathway.

The Paris Agreement sets out a framework for countries to submit national climate action plans, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which outline their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. These NDCs are reviewed and updated every five years.

COP28, which stands for the 28th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, is a gathering of countries that are party to the Paris Agreement. The conference provides a platform for countries to come together and discuss the progress made in implementing the agreement, as well as to negotiate and make decisions on key issues related to climate change.

At COP28, countries will likely focus on several key areas related to the implementation of the Paris Agreement:

1. Enhancing ambition: Countries will discuss the need to increase their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change, in order to align with the goals of the Paris Agreement. This may involve setting more ambitious targets and implementing more effective policies and measures.

2. Mobilizing finance: Countries will explore ways to mobilize financial resources to support climate action, particularly in developing countries. This includes discussions on climate finance mechanisms, such as the Green Climate Fund, and the need for developed countries to fulfill their commitments to provide financial support to developing countries.

3. Enhancing transparency and accountability: Countries will discuss the need for robust monitoring, reporting, and verification systems to track progress in implementing the Paris Agreement. This includes discussions on the transparency framework, which sets out the rules and guidelines for reporting and reviewing countries' climate actions.

4. Strengthening adaptation and resilience: Countries will address the need to enhance their capacity to adapt to the impacts of climate change, particularly in vulnerable countries and communities. This includes discussions on support for adaptation actions, as well as the sharing of best practices and lessons learned.

Overall, the primary focus of COP28 is to assess the progress made in implementing the Paris Agreement and to take further action to address the urgent challenges posed by climate change. It provides an important platform for countries to come together, share experiences, and collaborate on solutions to protect the planet and ensure a sustainable future for all.