Not the characteristics of flowchart: c. Pseudocode

Explanation:

Flowchart is a visual representation of a process or algorithm. It uses different symbols to represent various operations and decision points. Flowcharts are commonly used in programming, problem-solving, and process documentation. Here are the characteristics of flowcharts:

a. Easy to understand:
Flowcharts are designed to be easily understandable by anyone, regardless of their programming knowledge or background. The symbols and arrows used in flowcharts provide a clear visual representation of the process or algorithm being described. This makes it easier for people to follow the flow of logic and understand the steps involved.

b. Independent of any programming language:
Flowcharts are not tied to any specific programming language. They can be used to represent algorithms and processes in any programming language or even in non-programming contexts. This allows flowcharts to be a universal tool for visualizing and communicating processes and logic.

c. Pseudocode:
Pseudocode is a method of representing algorithms using a combination of natural language and programming language-like syntax. It is used to describe the steps of an algorithm in a human-readable format before translating it into actual programming code. Pseudocode is often used in conjunction with flowcharts to provide a more detailed and descriptive representation of the algorithm.

d. None of the above:
This option is incorrect as both a and b are characteristics of flowcharts. Flowcharts are designed to be easy to understand and are independent of any programming language.

In summary, the correct answer is c. Pseudocode, as it is not a characteristic of flowcharts. Flowcharts are easy to understand and can be used in any programming language or non-programming context. Pseudocode, on the other hand, is a separate technique used alongside flowcharts to describe algorithms in a more detailed and human-readable format.