Introduction:
The famous play "Neel Darpan" was written by Dinabandhu Mitra, an eminent Bengali playwright and poet. The play, first performed in 1860, depicts the plight and oppression faced by indigo farmers during the British colonial rule in India.

Dinabandhu Mitra:
- Dinabandhu Mitra was born on April 12, 1830, in the village of Chouberia, Bengal Presidency (now in West Bengal, India).
- He was a prominent figure in the Bengali literary and cultural movement of the 19th century.
- Mitra was known for his realistic portrayal of social issues, especially the exploitation of the poor and marginalized sections of society.

Neel Darpan:
- "Neel Darpan" or "The Indigo Mirror" is one of Mitra's most significant works.
- The play is set in the backdrop of the indigo cultivation system prevalent in Bengal during the British rule.
- It exposes the brutal and oppressive conditions under which indigo farmers, known as "ryots," were forced to work.
- The play highlights the exploitative practices of British indigo planters and the suffering of the farmers who were subjected to excessive taxation, forced labor, and other forms of oppression.
- The main character of the play, Nilkanta, represents the collective voice of the oppressed farmers and becomes a symbol of resistance against the indigo planters.
- Through powerful dialogues and dramatic scenes, Mitra effectively portrays the social and economic injustices faced by the farmers.

Impact and Significance:
- "Neel Darpan" had a profound impact on the Indian society of that time.
- It played a crucial role in raising awareness about the exploitation faced by indigo farmers and mobilizing public opinion against the oppressive system.
- The play sparked widespread protests and movements against the indigo planters, leading to significant reforms in the agricultural sector.
- It also contributed to the growth of the nationalist movement, as it highlighted the need for self-reliance and self-determination in the face of colonial exploitation.

Conclusion:
Dinabandhu Mitra's play "Neel Darpan" holds immense historical and cultural significance. It sheds light on the oppression faced by indigo farmers and played a crucial role in awakening public consciousness about the social and economic injustices prevalent during the British colonial rule in India.