Photolysis of Water

Photolysis of water refers to the process of splitting water molecules into their constituent parts, i.e., hydrogen and oxygen, using light energy. This process occurs during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

The balanced equation for the photolysis of water is:

2 H2O → 4 H+ + 4 e- + O2

Explanation

- The photolysis of water produces 4 electrons (e-). This is because each water molecule (H2O) donates 2 electrons during the process of splitting. Since there are 2 water molecules involved in the reaction, a total of 4 electrons are produced.
- The photolysis of water also produces 4 protons (H+). This is because each water molecule donates 2 protons during the process of splitting. Again, since there are 2 water molecules involved, a total of 4 protons are produced.
- The oxygen (O2) produced during the photolysis of water is a byproduct and does not contribute to the number of electrons and protons.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C: 4 electrons and 4 protons.

Importance of Photolysis of Water

The photolysis of water is a crucial step in photosynthesis as it provides the necessary electrons and protons for the production of ATP and NADPH. These energy-rich molecules are then used in the synthesis of glucose during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.

Additionally, the photolysis of water plays a significant role in the replenishment of oxygen in the atmosphere. The released oxygen is essential for the survival of aerobic organisms, including humans, as it serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration.

In conclusion, the photolysis of water during photosynthesis produces 4 electrons and 4 protons. This process is vital for the synthesis of energy-rich molecules and the release of oxygen into the atmosphere.