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Higher the melting point of a substance, greater will be the force of attraction between particles. The melting point of iron is considerably high, so the force of attraction between its particles is higher.
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Interparticle Force
Interparticle force is the force of attraction or repulsion between particles of matter. The strength of this force depends on the nature of the particles involved and the temperature of the substance.
Strongest Interparticle Force
Out of the given options, iron has the strongest interparticle force at room temperature because of its metallic bonding. Metallic bonding is the force of attraction between positively charged ions and negatively charged delocalized electrons that surround them.
Mercury has weaker interparticle forces because it is a liquid at room temperature and has weaker metallic bonding due to its smaller size compared to iron. Nitrogen has weaker interparticle forces because it is a gas at room temperature and has weaker van der Waals forces between its molecules. Chalk has weaker interparticle forces because it is a solid made up of covalently bonded molecules with weak van der Waals forces between them.
In conclusion, the strength of interparticle forces depends on the nature of the particles involved and the temperature of the substance. Iron has the strongest interparticle force at room temperature because of its metallic bonding.
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It is because iron is solid and solid have highest inter particle force among them