Compare the following pairs with respect to volatility and solubility ...
Volatility:
- TiCl2: Titanium(II) chloride (TiCl2) is a volatile compound. It has a relatively low boiling point and tends to evaporate readily at room temperature. This volatility can be attributed to the presence of the titanium atom in its +2 oxidation state, which makes it more prone to vaporization compared to higher oxidation states.
- TiCl4: Titanium(IV) chloride (TiCl4) is also a volatile compound. However, it is more volatile than TiCl2. This increased volatility can be attributed to the higher oxidation state of titanium in TiCl4 (+4), which leads to a greater electron deficiency and a higher tendency for vaporization.
Solubility in organic solvent:
- TiCl2: Titanium(II) chloride is sparingly soluble in most organic solvents. This limited solubility can be attributed to the presence of ionic bonding in TiCl2, where the chloride ions are attracted to the titanium cations. Organic solvents, being non-polar, have limited ability to solvate ionic compounds. Therefore, TiCl2 tends to exhibit low solubility in organic solvents.
- TiCl4: Titanium(IV) chloride, on the other hand, is highly soluble in organic solvents. This high solubility can be attributed to the covalent nature of the titanium-chlorine bonds in TiCl4. Organic solvents, being non-polar, can effectively solvate covalent compounds. Therefore, TiCl4 readily dissolves in organic solvents, forming stable solutions.
Summary:
- TiCl2 is volatile, but less volatile than TiCl4, due to the lower oxidation state of titanium in TiCl2.
- TiCl2 is sparingly soluble in organic solvents due to its ionic nature, while TiCl4 is highly soluble in organic solvents due to its covalent nature.