Electrolysis
Electrolysis is the process of using an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. It involves the decomposition of an electrolyte, which is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in a solvent or melted. The electrolyte is typically an ionic compound, such as a salt or an acid.

Process of Electrolysis
During electrolysis, an electric current is passed through an electrolyte using electrodes. The electrodes are usually made of a conducting material, such as metal, and are connected to a power source. There are two types of electrodes: the cathode and the anode.

Cathode
The cathode is the electrode where reduction occurs. Reduction is the gain of electrons, and it happens at the cathode because it is connected to the negative terminal of the power source. As a result, positively charged ions in the electrolyte are attracted to the cathode and gain electrons, becoming neutral species or even elements.

Anode
The anode, on the other hand, is the electrode where oxidation occurs. Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and it happens at the anode because it is connected to the positive terminal of the power source. As a result, negatively charged ions in the electrolyte are attracted to the anode and lose electrons, becoming neutral species or even elements.

Decomposition of the Electrolyte
The decomposition of the electrolyte occurs when the positively charged ions migrate towards the cathode and the negatively charged ions migrate towards the anode. At the electrodes, they undergo chemical reactions and are transformed into new substances. This process is known as electrolysis.

Applications of Electrolysis
Electrolysis has various practical applications. For example:
- Electrorefining of metals: Electrolysis is used to purify and refine metals, such as copper and aluminum.
- Electroplating: Electrolysis is used to coat objects with a layer of metal, improving their appearance and durability.
- Electrochemical cells: Electrolysis is used in batteries and fuel cells to generate electrical energy from chemical reactions.

In conclusion, the decomposition of an electrolyte on passing electric current is called electrolysis. It involves the migration of ions towards the electrodes, where they undergo chemical reactions and are transformed into new substances. Electrolysis has various applications in industries and technology.