The Science of Practice Farming: Agriculture

Agriculture is the science of practice farming, which involves various activities such as cropping, breeding, and horticulture. In this context, the correct answer to the question is 'D' - agriculture. Let's delve into the details of each activity and how they contribute to the science of practice farming.

Cropping:
Cropping refers to the cultivation of crops or plants for food, fiber, medicinal purposes, or other uses. It involves the selection of suitable crops, preparing the land, sowing seeds or planting seedlings, providing proper irrigation, applying fertilizers, controlling pests and diseases, and finally harvesting the crops. Different crops have specific requirements in terms of soil type, water availability, temperature, and sunlight. Successful cropping practices aim to maximize crop yield while maintaining sustainable agricultural practices.

Breeding:
Breeding in agriculture involves the controlled reproduction of plants and animals to improve desired traits. This process aims to enhance characteristics such as yield, disease resistance, nutritional value, and adaptability to different environmental conditions. Plant breeding techniques include cross-pollination, hybridization, and genetic modification, whereas animal breeding involves selective mating to produce offspring with desirable traits. By selectively breeding plants and animals, farmers can develop new varieties or breeds that are better suited to specific farming conditions and market demands.

Horticulture:
Horticulture is a branch of agriculture that focuses on the cultivation and management of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It includes activities such as planting, pruning, watering, fertilizing, and pest control. Horticulture also encompasses techniques like grafting and propagation to produce new plants. This practice plays a crucial role in providing nutritious food, beautifying landscapes, and contributing to the economy through the production of ornamental plants and fresh produce.

Agriculture:
Agriculture is the overarching term that encompasses all these activities, including cropping, breeding, and horticulture. It involves the cultivation of crops, rearing of animals, and the application of scientific and technological advancements to enhance productivity, sustainability, and profitability in farming. Agriculture also involves the management of land, water, and other resources to ensure long-term environmental sustainability. It plays a vital role in providing food security, supporting rural livelihoods, and contributing to the overall economic development of a country.

In conclusion, the correct answer to the question is 'D' - agriculture. Cropping, breeding, and horticulture are all integral components of this science of practice farming. Through these activities, farmers can produce a wide range of crops, develop new varieties or breeds, and cultivate fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants, contributing to sustainable and productive agricultural practices.