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Which of the following Acts is also known as the Montague- helmsford Reforms?
- a)Indian Council Act, 1861
- b)Indian Council Act, 1892
- c)Indian Council Act, 1909
- d)Indian Council Act, 1919
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which of the following Acts is also known as the Montague- helmsford R...
- Introduction: The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were introduced in the aftermath of World War I, in recognition of the Indian contribution to the British war effort. The reforms aimed to expand participation of Indians in the governance of British India.
- Report: The reforms were based on the report submitted by Edwin Montagu and Lord Chelmsford in 1918. This report proposed a new system of administration and a transfer of some powers to elected Indian officials.
- Diarchy: One of the hallmark features of the reforms was the introduction of the Diarchy (dual government) in the provincial governments. This meant that the governance of each province was divided into two parts: transferred and reserved subjects.
- Transferred Subjects: Transferred subjects, which included departments like education, health, agriculture, and local government, were to be administered by Indian ministers accountable to the legislative councils.
- Reserved Subjects: Reserved subjects, including areas like finance, law and order, and land revenue, remained under the direct control of the Governor and his executive council, who were not responsible to the legislature.
- Legislative Reforms: The reforms also expanded the size of the legislative councils at both the central and provincial levels, incorporating a greater number of elected Indian members and introducing a system of direct and indirect elections.
- Communal Representation: Another significant aspect of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms was the confirmation and extension of separate electorates for different religious and social communities, such as Muslims, Sikhs, and Europeans, thereby institutionalizing communal representation in Indian politics.
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Which of the following Acts is also known as the Montague- helmsford Reforms?a)Indian Council Act, 1861b)Indian Council Act, 1892c)Indian Council Act, 1909d)Indian Council Act, 1919Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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