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Budding yeast cells that are deficient for Mad2, a component of the spindle-attachment-check point, are killed by treatment with benomyl, which causes microtubules to depolymerise. In the absence of benomyl, however, the cells are perfectly viable. Which explanation out of the following is able to justify this observation? 
  • a)
    In the absence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and the spindle-attachment checkpoint (Mad2) plays no role. 
  • b)
    In the presence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and Mad2 plays critical role in cell survival.  
  • c)
    Other than the role in cell survival, microtubule depolymerization affects oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of Mad2.
  • d)
    Benomyl also affects protein synthesis in the absence of Mad2.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Budding yeast cells that are deficient for Mad2, a component of the sp...
Concept:
  • Cell cycle progression is a highly ordered and tightly regulated process.
  • For example, mitosis occurs only after DNA synthesis has completed, and chromosome segregation does not begin until all the chromosomes have been correctly aligned on the mitotic spindle.
  • These regulatory linkages are due to cell cycle checkpoints (Hartwell and Weinert, 1989 blue right-pointing triangle; Elledge, 1996 blue right-pointing triangle; Rudner and Murray, 1996 blue right-pointing triangle), mechanisms that arrest the cell cycle if the preceding events have not been completed or if damage has occurred.
  • Defects in checkpoints compromise the faithful transmission of genetic information and have been shown to play an important role in tumor progression
Explanation:
Option 1: 
In the absence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and the spindle-attachment checkpoint (Mad2) plays no role. 
  • Mad2-depleted cells also show accelerated transit through prometaphase and premature sister chromatid separation, fail to form metaphases, and exit mitosis soon after nuclear envelope breakdown with extensive chromatin bridges that result in severe aneuploidy.
  • Interestingly, preventing Mad2-depleted cells from exiting mitosis by a checkpoint-independent arrest allows congression of normally condensed chromosomes.
  • More importantly, a transient mitotic arrest is sufficient for Mad2-depleted cells to exit mitosis with normal patterns of chromosome segregation, suggesting that all the associated phenotypes result from a highly accelerated exit from mitosis.
  • Surprisingly, if Mad2-depleted cells are blocked transiently in mitosis and then released into a media containing a microtubule poison, they arrest with high levels of kinetochore-associated BubR1, properly localized cohesin complex and fail to exit mitosis revealing normal spindle assembly checkpoint activity.
  • This behavior is specific for Mad2 because BubR1-depleted cells fail to arrest in mitosis under these experimental conditions.
  • Research studies suggest that Mad2 is exclusively required to delay progression through early stages of prometaphase so that cells have time to fully engage the spindle assembly checkpoint, allowing a controlled metaphase–anaphase transition and normal patterns of chromosome segregation.
  • thus this option is true.
Option 2: 
In the presence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and Mad2 plays critical role in cell survival.  
  • Benomyl, which causes microtubules to depolymerise, spindles are made up of microtubules so benomyl will inhibit them
  • thus this option is NOT true
Option 3: 
Other than the role in cell survival, microtubule depolymerization affects oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of Mad2.
  • Consider the explanation above thus this option is not true
Option 4: 
Benomyl also affects protein synthesis in the absence of Mad2.
  • Consider the explanation above thus this option is not true
 
 hence the correct answer is option 1
                   
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Most Upvoted Answer
Budding yeast cells that are deficient for Mad2, a component of the sp...
Explanation:
- Spindle-Attachment Checkpoint Function:
- The spindle-attachment checkpoint, including Mad2, monitors the proper attachment of microtubules to kinetochores during cell division.
- When microtubules depolymerize due to benomyl treatment, this checkpoint is activated to prevent premature chromosome segregation.
- Role of Mad2:
- In the absence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally, and the attachment of microtubules is not compromised.
- Mad2, therefore, does not play a critical role in cell survival under normal conditions.
- Effect of Benomyl:
- Benomyl specifically targets microtubules, causing their depolymerization and disrupting spindle formation.
- This disruption triggers the spindle-attachment checkpoint, which is crucial for cell survival in the presence of benomyl.
- Conclusion:
- The observation that budding yeast cells deficient for Mad2 are only killed by benomyl treatment, but are viable in its absence, can be explained by the fact that Mad2's role in cell survival is specifically linked to the presence of benomyl and the disruption of microtubules caused by this drug.
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Budding yeast cells that are deficient for Mad2, a component of the spindle-attachment-check point, are killed by treatment with benomyl, which causes microtubules to depolymerise. In the absence of benomyl, however, the cells are perfectly viable. Which explanation out of the following is able to justify this observation?a)In the absence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and the spindle-attachment checkpoint (Mad2) plays no role.b)In the presence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and Mad2 plays critical role in cell survival.c)Other than the role in cell survival, microtubule depolymerization affects oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of Mad2.d)Benomyl also affects protein synthesis in the absence of Mad2.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Budding yeast cells that are deficient for Mad2, a component of the spindle-attachment-check point, are killed by treatment with benomyl, which causes microtubules to depolymerise. In the absence of benomyl, however, the cells are perfectly viable. Which explanation out of the following is able to justify this observation?a)In the absence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and the spindle-attachment checkpoint (Mad2) plays no role.b)In the presence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and Mad2 plays critical role in cell survival.c)Other than the role in cell survival, microtubule depolymerization affects oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of Mad2.d)Benomyl also affects protein synthesis in the absence of Mad2.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about Budding yeast cells that are deficient for Mad2, a component of the spindle-attachment-check point, are killed by treatment with benomyl, which causes microtubules to depolymerise. In the absence of benomyl, however, the cells are perfectly viable. Which explanation out of the following is able to justify this observation?a)In the absence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and the spindle-attachment checkpoint (Mad2) plays no role.b)In the presence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and Mad2 plays critical role in cell survival.c)Other than the role in cell survival, microtubule depolymerization affects oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of Mad2.d)Benomyl also affects protein synthesis in the absence of Mad2.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Budding yeast cells that are deficient for Mad2, a component of the spindle-attachment-check point, are killed by treatment with benomyl, which causes microtubules to depolymerise. In the absence of benomyl, however, the cells are perfectly viable. Which explanation out of the following is able to justify this observation?a)In the absence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and the spindle-attachment checkpoint (Mad2) plays no role.b)In the presence of benomyl, the majority of spindles form normally and Mad2 plays critical role in cell survival.c)Other than the role in cell survival, microtubule depolymerization affects oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of Mad2.d)Benomyl also affects protein synthesis in the absence of Mad2.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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