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Insulin and other group factors stimulate pathways involving protein kinase mTOR, which in turn augments protein synthesis, mTOR essentially Modified proteins which in their  unmodified form act as inhibitors of protein synthesis. The following proteins are possible candidates:
A. eEF-1
B. eIF-4E-BP1
C. eIF-4E
D. PHAS-1
 
  • a)
    A and  B
  • b)
    C and  D
  • c)
    B and C
  • d)
    C and D
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
Insulin and other group factors stimulate pathways involving protein k...
Concept:
  • mTOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase in the PI3K-related kinase (PIKK) family that forms the catalytic subunit of two distinct protein complexes, known as mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2).
  • mTORC1 is defined by its three core components: mTOR, Raptor (regulatory protein associated with mTOR), and mLST8 (mammalian lethal with Sec13 protein 8, also known as GβL)
Explanation:
Fig 1: 
mTOR and Protein synthesis
  • For Protein synthesis, mTORC1 promotes protein synthesis largely through the phosphorylation of two key effectors, p70S6 Kinase 1 (S6K1) and eIF4E Binding Protein (4EBP)
  • mTORC1 directly phosphorylates S6K1 on its hydrophobic motif site, Thr389, enabling its subsequent phosphorylation and activation by PDK1.
  • S6K1 phosphorylates and activates several substrates that promote mRNA translation initiation including eIF4B, a positive regulator of the 5′cap binding eIF4F complex.
  • S6K1 also phosphorylates and promotes the degradation of PDCD4, an inhibitor of eIF4B, and enhances the translation efficiency of spliced mRNAs via its interaction with SKAR, a component of exon-junction complexes.
  • The mTORC1 substrate 4EBP is unrelated to S6K1 and inhibits translation by binding and sequestering eIF4E to prevent assembly of the eIF4F complex.
  • mTORC1 phosphorylates 4EBP at multiple sites to trigger its dissociation from eIF4E allowing 5′cap-dependent mRNA translation to occur.
  • Although it has long been appreciated that mTORC1 signaling regulates mRNA translation, whether and how it affects specific classes of mRNA transcripts has been debated.
  • Global ribosome foot printing analyses however revealed that while acute mTOR inhibition moderately suppresses general mRNA translation, it most profoundly affects mRNAs containing pyrimidine-rich 5′ TOP or “TOP-like” motifs, which includes most genes involved in protein synthesis.
​
  hence the correct answer is option 3
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Most Upvoted Answer
Insulin and other group factors stimulate pathways involving protein k...
Understanding the proteins involved in the pathway:
- **eIF-4E:** This protein is involved in the initiation of protein synthesis. It binds to the mRNA cap structure and recruits other initiation factors to form the initiation complex.
- **eIF-4E-BP1:** This protein acts as an inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to eIF-4E and preventing it from interacting with other initiation factors.
- **mTOR:** This protein kinase is activated by insulin and growth factors. It phosphorylates and inhibits eIF-4E-BP1, releasing eIF-4E to initiate protein synthesis.
- **PHAS-1:** This protein is another inhibitor of protein synthesis that is phosphorylated by mTOR, leading to its inactivation and allowing protein synthesis to proceed.
Connection between the proteins and their roles:
- **eIF-4E and PHAS-1:** These proteins are modified by mTOR through phosphorylation, which releases them from their inhibitory state and allows protein synthesis to occur.
- **eIF-4E-BP1 and mTOR:** eIF-4E-BP1 is phosphorylated by mTOR, which inactivates it and allows eIF-4E to function in protein synthesis.
Based on the roles of these proteins in the pathway, options C and D are the correct candidates. eIF-4E and PHAS-1 are modified by mTOR to promote protein synthesis, while eIF-4E-BP1 is inactivated by mTOR to relieve its inhibitory effect. Therefore, the correct answer is option C: eIF-4E and PHAS-1.
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Insulin and other group factors stimulate pathways involving protein kinase mTOR, which in turn augments protein synthesis, mTOR essentially Modified proteins which in their unmodified form act as inhibitors of protein synthesis. The following proteins are possible candidates: A. eEF-1 B. eIF-4E-BP1 C. eIF-4E D. PHAS-1 a)A and Bb)C and Dc)B and Cd)C and DCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Insulin and other group factors stimulate pathways involving protein kinase mTOR, which in turn augments protein synthesis, mTOR essentially Modified proteins which in their unmodified form act as inhibitors of protein synthesis. The following proteins are possible candidates: A. eEF-1 B. eIF-4E-BP1 C. eIF-4E D. PHAS-1 a)A and Bb)C and Dc)B and Cd)C and DCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2024 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about Insulin and other group factors stimulate pathways involving protein kinase mTOR, which in turn augments protein synthesis, mTOR essentially Modified proteins which in their unmodified form act as inhibitors of protein synthesis. The following proteins are possible candidates: A. eEF-1 B. eIF-4E-BP1 C. eIF-4E D. PHAS-1 a)A and Bb)C and Dc)B and Cd)C and DCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Insulin and other group factors stimulate pathways involving protein kinase mTOR, which in turn augments protein synthesis, mTOR essentially Modified proteins which in their unmodified form act as inhibitors of protein synthesis. The following proteins are possible candidates: A. eEF-1 B. eIF-4E-BP1 C. eIF-4E D. PHAS-1 a)A and Bb)C and Dc)B and Cd)C and DCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
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