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A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incubated with mammalian cell extract, which contains ribosomes, tRNAs, and all other factors required for protein synthesis. Assuming no initiation codon is needed for protein synthesis, which of the following peptides will be synthesized:
- a)A single peptide composed of same amino acid.
- b)A single peptide with alternating sequences of two amino acids
- c)A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acids
- d)three different peptides each with sequence composed of a single amino acid
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incu...
Concept:
- Proteins are synthesized from mRNA templates by a process that has been highly conserved throughout evolution.
- All mRNAs are read in the 5´ to 3´ direction, and polypeptide chains are synthesized from the amino to the carboxy terminus. Each amino acid is specified by three bases (a codon) in the mRNA, according to a nearly universal genetic code.
- The basic mechanics of protein synthesis are also the same in all cells: Translation is carried out on ribosomes, with tRNAs serving as adaptors between the mRNA template and the amino acids being incorporated into protein.
- Protein synthesis thus involves interactions between three types of RNA molecules (mRNA templates, tRNAs, and rRNAs), as well as various proteins that are required for translation.
Explanation:
Fig 1: Genetic codes
- Translation does not simply begin at the 5´ end of the mRNA; it starts at specific initiation sites.
- The 5´ terminal portions of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs are therefore noncoding sequences, referred to as 5´ untranslated regions.
- Eukaryotic mRNAs usually encode only a single polypeptide chain, but many prokaryotic mRNAs encode multiple polypeptides that are synthesized independently from distinct initiation sites.
- In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, translation always initiates with the amino acid methionine, usually encoded by AUG.
- Alternative initiation codons, such as GUG, are used occasionally in bacteria, but when they occur at the beginning of a polypeptide chain, these codons direct the incorporation of methionine rather than of the amino acid they normally encode (GUG normally encodes valine).
- In most bacteria, protein synthesis is initiated with a modified methionine residue (N-formylmethionine), whereas unmodified methionines initiate protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
- The genetic code can be defined as the set of certain rules using which the living cells translate the information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences).
- The ribosomes are responsible to accomplish the process of translation.
- They link the amino acids in an mRNA-specified (messenger RNA) order using tRNA (transfer RNA ) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time.
- Consider the situation in the question since the repeats of AU are synthesized only dipeptides are possible.
Most Upvoted Answer
A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incu...
Understanding mRNA and Protein Synthesis
To comprehend why option 'B' is the correct answer, we need to analyze the characteristics of the synthetic mRNA and the process of translation.
Characteristics of the mRNA
- The mRNA contains AU sequences, which can be interpreted as the codons for amino acids.
- Each codon consists of three nucleotides, but here we focus on the repeating AU sequences.
Translation Mechanism
- In the absence of a specific start codon, the ribosomes will still translate the mRNA from the first available codon.
- With only AU sequences, the possible codons formed will be AUA, UAU, and others, determined by the frame in which translation begins.
Amino Acid Assignment
- The codon AUA codes for Isoleucine (Ile) and UAU codes for Tyrosine (Tyr).
- Due to the repeating AU nature, the ribosome will alternate between these two codons, generating a peptide with alternating sequences of Isoleucine and Tyrosine.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
- Option A: A single peptide composed of the same amino acid is not possible since the mRNA alternates in sequence.
- Option C: A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acids cannot occur due to only two distinct codons available from the given AU sequences.
- Option D: Three different peptides with a single amino acid would require a distinct codon for each; here, we only have two.
Conclusion
Hence, the correct answer is option 'B', which results in a single peptide composed of alternating sequences of two amino acids (Isoleucine and Tyrosine) due to the nature of the AU sequences in the mRNA.
To comprehend why option 'B' is the correct answer, we need to analyze the characteristics of the synthetic mRNA and the process of translation.
Characteristics of the mRNA
- The mRNA contains AU sequences, which can be interpreted as the codons for amino acids.
- Each codon consists of three nucleotides, but here we focus on the repeating AU sequences.
Translation Mechanism
- In the absence of a specific start codon, the ribosomes will still translate the mRNA from the first available codon.
- With only AU sequences, the possible codons formed will be AUA, UAU, and others, determined by the frame in which translation begins.
Amino Acid Assignment
- The codon AUA codes for Isoleucine (Ile) and UAU codes for Tyrosine (Tyr).
- Due to the repeating AU nature, the ribosome will alternate between these two codons, generating a peptide with alternating sequences of Isoleucine and Tyrosine.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
- Option A: A single peptide composed of the same amino acid is not possible since the mRNA alternates in sequence.
- Option C: A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acids cannot occur due to only two distinct codons available from the given AU sequences.
- Option D: Three different peptides with a single amino acid would require a distinct codon for each; here, we only have two.
Conclusion
Hence, the correct answer is option 'B', which results in a single peptide composed of alternating sequences of two amino acids (Isoleucine and Tyrosine) due to the nature of the AU sequences in the mRNA.
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A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incubated with mammalian cell extract, which contains ribosomes, tRNAs, and all other factors required for protein synthesis. Assuming no initiation codon is needed for protein synthesis, which of the following peptides will be synthesized:a)A single peptide composed of same amino acid.b)A single peptide with alternating sequences of two amino acidsc)A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acidsd)three different peptides each with sequence composed of a single amino acidCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incubated with mammalian cell extract, which contains ribosomes, tRNAs, and all other factors required for protein synthesis. Assuming no initiation codon is needed for protein synthesis, which of the following peptides will be synthesized:a)A single peptide composed of same amino acid.b)A single peptide with alternating sequences of two amino acidsc)A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acidsd)three different peptides each with sequence composed of a single amino acidCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incubated with mammalian cell extract, which contains ribosomes, tRNAs, and all other factors required for protein synthesis. Assuming no initiation codon is needed for protein synthesis, which of the following peptides will be synthesized:a)A single peptide composed of same amino acid.b)A single peptide with alternating sequences of two amino acidsc)A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acidsd)three different peptides each with sequence composed of a single amino acidCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incubated with mammalian cell extract, which contains ribosomes, tRNAs, and all other factors required for protein synthesis. Assuming no initiation codon is needed for protein synthesis, which of the following peptides will be synthesized:a)A single peptide composed of same amino acid.b)A single peptide with alternating sequences of two amino acidsc)A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acidsd)three different peptides each with sequence composed of a single amino acidCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incubated with mammalian cell extract, which contains ribosomes, tRNAs, and all other factors required for protein synthesis. Assuming no initiation codon is needed for protein synthesis, which of the following peptides will be synthesized:a)A single peptide composed of same amino acid.b)A single peptide with alternating sequences of two amino acidsc)A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acidsd)three different peptides each with sequence composed of a single amino acidCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incubated with mammalian cell extract, which contains ribosomes, tRNAs, and all other factors required for protein synthesis. Assuming no initiation codon is needed for protein synthesis, which of the following peptides will be synthesized:a)A single peptide composed of same amino acid.b)A single peptide with alternating sequences of two amino acidsc)A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acidsd)three different peptides each with sequence composed of a single amino acidCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for A synthetically prepared mRNA contains AU sequences. The mRNA was incubated with mammalian cell extract, which contains ribosomes, tRNAs, and all other factors required for protein synthesis. Assuming no initiation codon is needed for protein synthesis, which of the following peptides will be synthesized:a)A single peptide composed of same amino acid.b)A single peptide with alternating sequences of two amino acidsc)A single peptide with alternating sequences of three amino acidsd)three different peptides each with sequence composed of a single amino acidCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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