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Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?  
  • a)
    IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.  
  • b)
    IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.  
  • c)
    IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.  
  • d)
    IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-infla...
Concept:
  • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that not only regulates the immune and inflammatory response but also affects hematopoiesis, metabolism, and organ development.
  • IL-6 can simultaneously elicit distinct or even contradictory physio-pathological processes, which is likely discriminated by the cascades of signaling pathway, termed classic and trans-signaling.
  • Besides playing several important physiological roles, dysregulated IL-6 has been demonstrated to underlie a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, metabolic abnormalities, and malignancies. 
Explanation:
Fig. 1. Biological activities of interleukin-6

  • Macrophages are important innate immune cells that are associated with two distinct phenotypes: a pro-inflammatory (or classically activated) subset with prototypic macrophage functions such as inflammatory cytokine production and bactericidal activity, and an anti-inflammatory (or alternatively activated (AAM)) subset linked with wound healing and tissue repair processes.
  • Macrophages from IL-6-deficient and wild-type mice are similar, except for the decreased capability to defend microorganism.
  • Hence, other factors compensating for IL-6 may induce macrophage differentiation.
  • So IL-6 appears to be sufficient, but not necessary for macrophage differentiation in vivo.
 
   hence the correct answer is option 3
 
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Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for Software Development. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for Software Development Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Survival of intracellular pathogens depends on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In an experimental condition, Mycobacteria infected macrophages were treated with IL-6 or IL-12 for 4 hours at 37°C. Untreated cells were used as control. Cells were lysed and number of bacteria in each experimental set was counted by measuring colony forming unit (CFU). Which of the following observations is true?a)IL-12 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.b)IL-12 treated cells contain less intracellular bacteria than control.c)IL-6 treated cells contain more intracellular bacteria than control.d)IL-6 treated cell contain less intracellular bacteria than control.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice Software Development tests.
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