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"there are three kinds of Lies - lies, damned lies and statistics". explain the statement?
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"there are three kinds of Lies - lies, damned lies and statistics". ex...
Statistics refers to the aggregates or averages that relate to an enquiry or some relationship. Such aggregates facilitate the presentation of data in a simplified manner. Besides presentation, statistics also enable a reader to make comparison among two or more variables. On the contrary to this, statistics also involve some limitations which often lead to the situation of distrust on statistics and its methods. Such limitations evoked ‘Mark Twain’ of U.S. to introduce a phrase called ‘Lies, Damned lies and Statistics’. This phrase was introduced to highlight the shortcomings (limitations) associated with statistics.

The following are the limitations which resulted in mark of statistics as a lie:
1. The users of the statistics usually tend to manipulate the data to support their already drawn conclusions, which leads to the situation of distrust and the process of data manipulation.
2. The statistical figures are made so convincing that people feel bound to trust on such figures.
3. The readers are often mislead by the way of presentation of data (even if correct). For example, if per capita income of the country increases then it represents the readers to be convinced that the income of all the people in the economy increases. However, if the distribution of income in the economy is inequitable then the income of only a section increases while the other section of population lives in poverty.
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"there are three kinds of Lies - lies, damned lies and statistics". ex...
Introduction


The statement "there are three kinds of lies - lies, damned lies and statistics" is often attributed to British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. He used this phrase to suggest that statistics can be manipulated to support any argument or position, and that they are often used to mislead or deceive people.

Lies


Lies are deliberate falsehoods that are told with the intention of deceiving someone. They can be used to gain an advantage, to cover up a mistake or to avoid punishment. Lies are often considered unethical or immoral because they involve intentionally misleading someone.

Damned Lies


Damned lies are lies that are intended to mislead or deceive people, but are presented in a way that makes them seem truthful or accurate. This can involve selectively presenting information, omitting important details or using persuasive language to influence people's beliefs or opinions.

Statistics


Statistics are numerical data that are used to describe or analyze a particular phenomenon. They are often used to support arguments or to make decisions based on evidence. However, statistics can be manipulated or misinterpreted to support a particular point of view.

Conclusion


In conclusion, the statement "there are three kinds of lies - lies, damned lies and statistics" suggests that statistics can be used to mislead or deceive people just as easily as lies or damned lies. It is important to be aware of how statistics are being used and to critically evaluate the information presented in order to make informed decisions.
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"there are three kinds of Lies - lies, damned lies and statistics". explain the statement?
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