What is evaporation ? In what way is it different from boiling ?
Evaporation is a process in which liquid changes into gaseous state on heating.Evaporation is a free surface process. Boiling is an entire bulk process that gets triggered from the solid interfaces and phase change occurs at the free surfaces. Boiling happens at a given temperature when the saturation vapour pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. For boiling to happen, it needs a heat source. Evaporation happens without necessarily needing a heat source. Liquid molecules in the vicinity of the free surface can cross the free surface and turn into vapour, in this process. This gets accelerated by the presence of heat sources, dryness of the air, speed of wind and so on.. For the phase change to happen, the escaping molecules gain energy from the bulk of the liquid. thereby causing a cooling effect. Many times, the major proportion of the energy for this phase change comes from the air. So, the air temperature gets reduced. No. Water or any liquid for that matter, will not reach the boiling point during evaporation. Evaporation can occur at any temperature and will not cause any temperature rise. In terms of Heat Transfer, for evaporation, the heat comes from surrounding air, heat source acting at the free liquid surface, the bulk of the liquid and finally the heat is transferred to the surrounding air as latent heat. In boiling, the heat transfer is from the heat source, through the solid interfaces, to the bulk of the liquid, to the free liquid surfaces and finally to the surrounding air.
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