Explanation of Dipole Moment in [Co(NH3)6]Cl3

Definition of Dipole Moment
Dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. It is a vector quantity that points from the positive to the negative charge.

Dipole Moment in [Co(NH3)6]Cl3
In [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, the central cobalt ion is surrounded by six ammonia ligands (NH3) and three chloride ions (Cl-). The ammonia ligands are neutral molecules with a dipole moment due to the difference in electronegativity between nitrogen and hydrogen. The chloride ions also have a dipole moment.

Vector Addition of Dipole Moments
The dipole moment of the complex [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 is the vector sum of the dipole moments of the individual ammonia ligands and chloride ions. The direction of the dipole moment of each ligand and ion must be considered when adding them together.

Calculation of Dipole Moment
To calculate the dipole moment of [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, the magnitude of each dipole moment must be determined, as well as the angle between them. The dipole moment of the complex will depend on the orientation of the ligands and ions around the central cobalt ion.

Conclusion
In [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, the overall dipole moment will be influenced by the arrangement of ligands and ions around the central cobalt ion. The presence of multiple dipole moments from the ammonia ligands and chloride ions will result in a net dipole moment for the complex.